Air pollution and energy policies/Data uncertainties limitations: Difference between revisions

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{{ComponentDataUncertaintyAndLimitationsTemplate
{{ComponentDataUncertaintyAndLimitationsTemplate
|Description=The availability and quality of data differs for the issues energy security, access and air pollution. For energy security, the information presented by IMAGE is indirectly obtained by calibrating to the [[IEA]] data for the historical period. For energy access, available global data is poor. This implies that the model has been mostly calibrated to national information on a number of main countries (China, India); subsequently, the model has been applied to all IMAGE regions. Finally, for air pollution, a larger number of emission inventories exist. For IMAGE, information was obtained from the [[EDGAR database]].  
|Description=<h2>Data, uncertainties and limitations </h2>
===Data===
The quality and availability of data differ for energy security, access and air pollution. For energy security, data inputs to IMAGE are obtained indirectly by calibrating to IEA data for the historical period. Few global data are available for energy access. This implies that the model has been calibrated mostly to national data for key countries such as China and India, and then applied to all IMAGE regions. There are more inventories for air pollution emissions. Data for IMAGE are obtained from the [[EDGAR database]].  


Another challenge is that of policy representation. First of all, data on different policies around the world on diverse energy policies are difficult to obtain. Secondly, for several of these policies it is not so easy to represent them in a model. For energy security, for instance, policies often do not contain clearly formulated targets and associated policy instruments, but more abstract formulations of preferred directions combined with different incentives for domestic production.
===Uncertainties and limitations===
Another challenge is policy representation. Data on diverse energy policies are difficult to obtain, and several policies are not easily represented in a model. For instance, energy security policies often do not contain clearly formulated targets and associated policy instruments, but tend to be more abstract in the formulation of preferred directions combined with incentives for domestic production.


In the IMAGE model, some main assumptions and simplifications have been made to assess energy policies. In describing energy access, one key issue, for instance, is the focus on centralised grids only. Decentralised and off-grid or mini-grid options may be more preferable and economical in rural regions. Similarly, for supplying heat, local alternatives may sometimes be attractive, such as locally produced biogas. For energy security, the key indicators in the IMAGE model are depletion, trade and diversity, while other important aspects of energy security, such as accessibility and acceptability, are poorly represented. As stated above, emission reduction measures for reducing air pollution cannot be modelled explicitly; this must be done by adjusting emission factors based on more detailed information. The air pollution policies are also not specified in terms of costs. Finally, the use of emission factors also implies that specific consequences, such as increases in other types of emissions or loss of energy efficiency are difficult to address.
In IMAGE, assumptions and simplifications have been made to assess energy policies. A key issue, for instance, is the focus on centralised grids only. Decentralised and off-grid or mini-grid options may be preferable and more economical in rural regions. Similarly, for supplying heat, local alternatives may be attractive, such as locally produced biogas. For energy security, the key indicators in IMAGE are depletion, trade and diversity, while other aspects of energy security, such as accessibility and acceptability, are poorly represented.  
As stated above, emission reduction measures for air pollution cannot be modelled explicitly. This has to be done by adjusting emission factors based on more detailed data. Air pollution policies are also not specified in terms of costs. The use of emission factors also implies that specific consequences, such as increases in other types of emissions and loss of energy efficiency, are difficult to address.


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Revision as of 09:01, 16 May 2014

link to framework components overview

Parts of Air pollution and energy policies/Data uncertainties limitations

  1. Introduction page
  2. Policy issues
  3. Data, uncertainty and limitations
  4. Overview of references
Component is implemented in:
Related IMAGE components
Projects/Applications
Key publications
Linkages between goals and measures for energy access, energy security, climate change and air pollution
Flowchart Air pollution and energy policies. Linkages between components of the IMAGE system, energy policy objectives and possible policy measures.
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