Variable overview
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List of all variables per type:
- Drivers are external model variables that are used for the core models.
- Parameters are variables that are rather static and mostly used as input for one modelcomponent.
- Model variables are variables that are calculated by a model or impact component, Some are used as input for another model component, others are final output.
- External model variables are variables that originates from external models (or databases) and are used in the impact components.
Drivers
Model driver group | Variable | Used in | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Economic development | Sector value added | Energy supply and demand Energy demand | Value Added for economic sectors: Industry (IVA), Services (SVA) and Agriculture (AVA). These variables are used in IMAGE to indicate economic activity. |
Economic development | GDP per capita | Energy supply and demand Agricultural economy Climate policy Emissions Energy demand Human development | Gross Domestic Product per capita, measured as the market value of all goods and services produced in a region in a year, and is used in the IMAGE framework as a generic indicator of economic activity. |
Economic development | Labour supply | Agricultural economy | Effective supply of labour input to support economic activities, taking into account the participation rate of age cohorts. |
Economic development | Capital supply | Agricultural economy | Capital available to replace depreciated stock and expand the stock to support economic growth. |
Economic development | GDP per capita - grid | Ecosystem services Nutrients Flood risks | Scaled down GDP per capita from country to grid level, based on population density. |
Economic development | Private consumption | Energy supply and demand Energy demand | Private consumption reflects expenditure on private household consumption. It is used in IMAGE as a driver of energy. |
Economic development | GINI coefficient | Human development | Measure of income disparity in a population. If all have the same income, GINI equals 1. The lower the GINI, the wider the gap between the lowest and highest income groups. |
Economic development | Timber demand | Forest management | Demand for roundwood and pulpwood per region. |
Energy and land resources | Energy resources | Energy supply and demand Energy supply | Volume of energy resource per carrier, region and supply cost class (determines depletion dynamics). |
Energy and land resources | Built-up area - grid | Land cover and land use | Urban built-up area per grid cell, excluded from all biophysical modelling in IMAGE, increasing over time as a function of urban population and a country- and scenario-specific urban density curve. |
Environmental and other policies | Air pollution policy | Energy conversion | Air pollution policies set to reach emission reduction targets, represented in the model in the form of energy carrier and sector specific emission factors. |
Environmental and other policies | Biofuel policy | Agricultural economy | Policies to foster the use of biofuels in transport, such as financial incentives and biofuel mandates and obligations. |
Environmental and other policies | Taxes and other additional costs | Energy demand | Taxes on energy use, and other additional costs |
Environmental and other policies | Adaptation level | Climate policy | Level of adaptation to climate change , defined as the share of climate change damage avoided by adaptation. This level is be calculated by the model to minimise adaptation costs and residual damage, or set by the user. |
Environmental and other policies | Energy policy | Energy conversion | Policy to achieve energy system objectives, such as energy security and energy access. |
Environmental and other policies | Climate target | Climate policy | Climate target, defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature targets, or cumulative emissions. |
Environmental and other policies | Protected area - grid | Land-use allocation Land cover and land use Terrestrial biodiversity Ecosystem services | Map of protected nature areas, limiting use of this area. |
Environmental and other policies | Domestic climate policy | Climate policy | Planned and/or implemented national climate and energy policies, such as taxes, feed-in tariffs, renewable targets, efficiency standards, that affect projected emission reduction. |
Environmental and other policies | Equity principles | Climate policy | General concepts of distributive justice or fairness used in effort sharing approaches. Three key equity principles are: Responsibility (historical contribution to warming); capability (ability to pay for mitigation); and equality (equal emissions allowances per capita). |
Lifestyle parameters | Preferences | Energy demand | Non-price factors determining market shares, such as preferences, environmental policies, infrastructure and strategic considerations, used for model calibration. |
Lifestyle parameters | Lifestyle parameters | Energy supply and demand Energy demand | Lifestyle parameters influence the relationship between economic activities and demand for energy. |
Population projections | Urban population fraction | Human development | Urban/rural split of population. |
Population projections | Population - grid | Land-use allocation Nutrients Human development Flood risks | Number of people per gridcell (using downscaling). |
Population projections | Population | Energy supply and demand Agricultural economy Climate policy Energy demand | Number of people per region. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Fertiliser use efficiency | Nutrients | Ratio of fertiliser uptake by a crop to fertiliser applied. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Fraction of selective logging | Forest management | The fraction of forest harvested in a grid, in clear cutting, selective cutting, wood plantations and additional deforestation. Fraction of selective cut determines the fraction of timber harvested by selective cutting of trees in semi-natural and natural forest. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Feed conversion | Livestock systems | Measure of an animal's efficiency in converting feed mass into the desired output such as meat and milk (for cattle, poultry, pigs, sheep and goats). |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Technological change (crops and livestocks) | Agricultural economy | Increase in productivity in crop production (yield/ha) and livestock production (carcass weight, offtake rate). |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Forest plantation demand | Forest management | Demand for forest plantation area. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Increase in irrigated area - grid | Land-use allocation | Increase in irrigated area, often based on external projections (e.g., FAO). |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Harvest efficiency | Forest management | Fraction of harvested wood used as product, the remainder being left as residues. Specified per biomass pool and forestry management type. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Production system mix | Livestock systems Nutrients | Livestock production is distributed over two systems for dairy and beef production (intensive: mixed and industrial; extensive: pastoral grazing), and to three systems for pigs (backyard, intermediate, intensive) and poultry (backyard, boilers, laying hens) with specific intensities, rations and feed conversion ratios. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Irrigation project efficiency | Ratio of quantity of irrigation water required by the crop (based on soil moisture deficits) to the quantity withdrawn from rivers, lakes, reservoirs or other sources. This parameter is given at country level. | |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Irrigation conveyance efficiency | Ratio of water supplied to the irrigated field to the quantity withdrawn from the water source, determining the quantity of water lost during transport. This parameter is defined at country level. | |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Animal productivity | Livestock systems | Effective production of livestock commodities per animal per year. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Manure spreading fraction | Nutrients | Fraction of manure produced in staples that is spread on agricultural areas. |
Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Livestock rations | Livestock systems Nutrients | Determines the feed requirements per feed type (food crops; crop residues; grass and fodder; animal products; scavenging), specified per animal type and production system (extensive/intensive/backyard/intermediate/intensive/broiler/laying hens). |
Technological change in the energy system | Energy intensity parameters | Energy demand | Set of parameters determining the energy use per unit of economic activity (in absence of technical energy efficiency improvements). |
Technological change in the energy system | Learning rate | Energy supply | Determines the rate of technology development in learning equations. |
Technological change in the energy system | Energy efficiency technology | Energy demand | Model assumptions determining future development of energy efficiency. |
Technological change in the energy system | Technology development of energy conversion | Energy supply and demand Energy conversion | Learning curves and exogenous learning that determine technology development. |
Technological change in the energy system | Technology development of energy supply | Energy supply and demand Energy supply | Learning curves and exogenous learning that determine technology development. |
Trade regimes, tariffs and barriers | Trade policy | Agricultural economy | Assumed changes in market and non-market instruments that influence trade flows, subject to WTO rules and country and region regulation. |
Trade regimes, tariffs and barriers | Trade restriction | Energy supply | Trade tariffs and barriers limiting trade in energy carriers (in energy submodel). |
Model variables
Parameters
External variables
Related overviews