Energy demand - Cement
Contents
Is subpage of expert page:
Expert page siblings:- Iron & Steel: Iron & Steel value chain representation
- Non Energy: (Petro)chemical value chain representation
- Pulp and paper: Pulp & Paper value chain representation
- Food processing: Food processing value chain representation
- Cement: Energy demand from the cement sector
Cement
Key publications
Van Ruijven et al., 2016:
B. J. Van Ruijven, D. P. Van Vuuren, W. Boskaljon, M. L. Neelis, D. Saygin, M. K. Patel (2016). Long-term model-based projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from the global steel and cement industries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 112, pp. 15-36, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.04.016.
Clinker and Cement sector
Overall Layout
Value chain representation
Available value chain elements represented in the IMAGE model:
| Elements | Presence | Elaboration |
| Material extraction | - | - |
| Material demand | x | Logistic growth model plotted to historical per capita steel consumption data and per capita GDP (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
| Production routes | x |
Primary (Clinker to cement) (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
| Technolgoy choice | x |
Market share decided on multinomial logit formulation, choosing on relative production costs per region (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
| Trade | x |
Trade is calculated based on the average regional production cost (e.g. production costs, transport cost and trade barriers) (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
| End use representation | - | - |
| End-of-life representation | - | - |
Historical representation
Available capital stock present at the start of the simulation:
| Fossil based capacity |
|
Dynamic options for systems change
The following capital stock alternatives are at the disposal of the IMAGE model. Options are chosen on a least-cost base. Relative price differences are created through differences and changes in CAPEX, OPEX, carbon storage costs and policy costs over the time horizon of the model.
| Class | Option |
| Energy innovations |
|
| CC(U)S |
|
| Material innovations | |
| Process innovations |
Additional imposable options for systems change
The following options for systems change can be imposed onto the model. Not included in a standard IMAGE model scenario run.
| Class | Option |
| Energy innovations | |
| CC(U)S | |
| Material innovation |
|
| Process innovations |
