Impacts

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Composition of Impacts

  1. Aquatic biodiversity
  2. Ecosystem services
  3. Flood risks
  4. Human development
  5. Land degradation
  6. Terrestrial biodiversity
link to framework components overview

Description of Impacts

Description of Impacts

IMAGE 3.0 modules for the Human system and Earth system are closely linked via multiple feedback mechanisms to form the core model of IMAGE 3.0. These modules produce output for two types of purposes. One purpose is to serve as input for other IMAGE modules and the other purpose is to serves as indicator for impacts. Many outputs serve both purposes, and many state variables of the IMAGE core modules constitute interesting impact indicators, such as land-use change, crop yields and climate parameters.

The range of impacts has been extended beyond those that the core model can provide. As a result, additional impact modules have been developed and linked to the IMAGE core model through static data exchange. These impact modules can be used to address specific interests, and have been used in exploring a broad range of interactions between issues in sustainable development (see Dataflow_overview and Variable overview).

A wide range of impact indicators originate from the modules in the core IMAGE model and those often reported in assessment studies are:

Further impact components available in the IMAGE 3.0 framework include Terrestrial and Aquatic biodiversity, Flood risks, Land degradation, Ecosystem services, and Human development.