Difference between revisions of "Human development"

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{{ComponentTemplate2
 
{{ComponentTemplate2
|Application=OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050 (2012) project; Roads from Rio+20 (2012) project;
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|Application=OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050 (2012) project; Roads from Rio+20 (2012) project; Beyond 2015 (2009) project;
|IMAGEComponent=Scenario drivers; Energy demand; Agricultural economy and forestry; Emissions;
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|IMAGEComponent=Drivers; Energy demand; Agricultural economy; Emissions; Water
|KeyReference=Hilderink and Lucas, 2008; PBL, 2012;
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|Model-Database=GUAM model; World Bank database; FAOSTAT database; WHO database;
|InputVar=Temperature; Precipitation;  Food availability per capita; Urbanisation; GINI coefficient; GDP per capita; People dependent on solid fuel; BC, OC, NOx emissions; SO2 emission;  
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|KeyReference=Hilderink and Lucas, 2008; PBL, 2012; PBL, 2009;
|OutputVar=Access to food; Access to water; Child mortality; Life expectancy; Human Development Index (HDI);  
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|InputVar=Temperature - grid; Precipitation - grid;  Food availability per capita; GINI coefficient; GDP per capita; People dependent on solid fuel; BC, OC and NOx emissions; SO2 emissions;  Population - grid; Urban population fraction;
|Description=The environment is important for human development and quality of life, especially for people in developing countries. People’s livelihoods are based on the quantity and quality of the resources they have access to. Unequal access and diminished resource quality have an unequivocal effect on these livelihoods, with negative health impacts as one of the main factors. As seen in the preceding sections, rising demand for food, water and energy will put pressure on scarce natural resources, such as fertile land, potable water and forest resources. The provision of food, water, and energy becomes more difficult when these natural resources are not properly managed or when they degrade due to global environmental change.  
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|OutputVar=Child mortality; Life expectancy; DALYs (disability-adjusted life years); Access to drinking water and sanitation; HDI (human development index); Child underweight; Prevalence of undernourishment; People living on less then USD 1.25 per day;
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|Description=The quantity and quality of accessible environmental resources determine the viability of livelihoods. Unequal access to, and diminished quality of resources have a significant effect on livelihoods and on human health, particularly in developing countries. Increasing world population accompanied by rising demand for food, water and energy will put even more pressure on scarce natural resources, such as fertile land, potable water and forest resources. The pressure will be even greater in areas where natural resources are not well managed and or where degraded as a result of global environmental change.  
  
The Global Integrated Sustainability Model ([[GISMO model]]) addresses (changes in) human development, including its distribution, improvement and continuation, as a result of changes in economic, social and environmental areas  ([[Hilderink and Lucas, 2008]]). Among other things, the model quantifies human development in terms of access to food, water and energy, the Human Development Index ([[HasAcronym::HDI]]), Population Health measures (e.g. child mortality and life expectancy), and many indicators of the Millennium Development Goals ([[HasAcronym::MDG|MDGs]]).
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On all scales from global UN processes to local initiatives, decision makers are concerned with improving the standard of living and human development. The IMAGE framework provides valuable insights into key environmental factors that affect human development, and how these impacts may be reduced by improving the natural environment.
  
Here we concentrate on those parts of GISMO that link directly to other parts of the main IMAGE model, namely climate-related health risks, health problems related to urban and indoor air pollution, and the effects of malnutrition. On all scales, from global [[UN]] processes to local initiatives, decision-makers are concerned with improving the standard of living and human development. The IMAGE framework provides valuable insights into key environmental factors that affect human development, and how these impacts may be reduced by improving the natural environment.
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In the IMAGE framework, the Global Integrated Sustainability Model ([[GISMO model|GISMO]]) quantifies changes in human development, including access to food, water and energy, and the impact of economic, social and environmental changes (Hilderink and Lucas, 2008). The model includes the Human Development Index (HDI), population health measures (e.g. child mortality and life expectancy), and many indicators for the Millennium Development Goals ({{abbrTemplate|MDGs}}).
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Those parts of GISMO directly linked to other parts of IMAGE, are namely climate-related health risks, health problems related to urban and indoor air pollution, and the effects of malnutrition.  
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|ComponentCode=HD
 
|ComponentCode=HD
 
|AggregatedComponent=Impacts
 
|AggregatedComponent=Impacts
 
|FrameworkElementType=impact component
 
|FrameworkElementType=impact component
 
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Revision as of 09:59, 1 July 2014

GISMO model to assess human development in IMAGE 3.0
Flowchart Human development. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.

Key policy issues

  • What are the key future trends in human development, such as those targeted by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
  • How are changes in the global environment likely to affect human development?
  • How is improved access to food, water and energy likely to contribute to human development?

Introduction