Difference between revisions of "Human development"
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|Description=The environment is important for human development and quality of life, especially for people in developing countries. Peoples livelihoods are based on the quantity and quality of the resources they have access to. Unequal access and reduced resource quality have an unequivocal effect on these livelihoods, with negative health impacts as one of the key factors. As seen in the preceding chapters, rising demand for food, water and energy will put pressure on scarce natural resources, such as fertile land, potable water and forest resources. The provision of food, water, and energy becomes more difficult when these natural resources are not properly managed or degraded due to global environmental change. | |Description=The environment is important for human development and quality of life, especially for people in developing countries. Peoples livelihoods are based on the quantity and quality of the resources they have access to. Unequal access and reduced resource quality have an unequivocal effect on these livelihoods, with negative health impacts as one of the key factors. As seen in the preceding chapters, rising demand for food, water and energy will put pressure on scarce natural resources, such as fertile land, potable water and forest resources. The provision of food, water, and energy becomes more difficult when these natural resources are not properly managed or degraded due to global environmental change. | ||
| − | The Global Integrated Sustainability Model ([[GISMO]]) addresses (changes in) human development, including its distribution, improvement and continuation, as a result of changes in the three underlying sustainability domains, i.e. economic, social and environmental ([[Hilderink and Lucas, 2008]]). Among others, the model quantifies human development in terms of access to food, water and energy, the Human Development Index (HDI), Population Health measures (such as child mortality and life expectancy), and many indicators of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). | + | The Global Integrated Sustainability Model ([[GISMO model|GISMO]]) addresses (changes in) human development, including its distribution, improvement and continuation, as a result of changes in the three underlying sustainability domains, i.e. economic, social and environmental ([[Hilderink and Lucas, 2008]]). Among others, the model quantifies human development in terms of access to food, water and energy, the Human Development Index (HDI), Population Health measures (such as child mortality and life expectancy), and many indicators of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). |
Here we concentrate on those parts of [[GISMO]] that link directly to other parts of the IMAGE core model: climate related health risks, urban and indoor air pollution related health problems, and effects of malnutrition. On all scale levels, from global UN processes to local initiatives, decision makers are concerned with improving the standards of living and human development. The IMAGE framework provides valuable insights in key environmental factors that affect human development, and how these impacts can be reduced as the result of improvements in the state of the natural environment | Here we concentrate on those parts of [[GISMO]] that link directly to other parts of the IMAGE core model: climate related health risks, urban and indoor air pollution related health problems, and effects of malnutrition. On all scale levels, from global UN processes to local initiatives, decision makers are concerned with improving the standards of living and human development. The IMAGE framework provides valuable insights in key environmental factors that affect human development, and how these impacts can be reduced as the result of improvements in the state of the natural environment | ||
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Revision as of 11:05, 2 August 2013
Parts of Human development
| Component is implemented in: |
|
| Related IMAGE components |
| Projects/Applications |
| Models/Databases |
| Key publications |
Key policy issues
- What are the key future trends in human development, such as those targeted by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
- How are changes in the global environment likely to affect human development?
- How is improved access to food, water and energy likely to contribute to human development?
Introduction
The environment is important for human development and quality of life, especially for people in developing countries. Peoples livelihoods are based on the quantity and quality of the resources they have access to. Unequal access and reduced resource quality have an unequivocal effect on these livelihoods, with negative health impacts as one of the key factors. As seen in the preceding chapters, rising demand for food, water and energy will put pressure on scarce natural resources, such as fertile land, potable water and forest resources. The provision of food, water, and energy becomes more difficult when these natural resources are not properly managed or degraded due to global environmental change.
The Global Integrated Sustainability Model (GISMO) addresses (changes in) human development, including its distribution, improvement and continuation, as a result of changes in the three underlying sustainability domains, i.e. economic, social and environmental (Hilderink and Lucas, 2008). Among others, the model quantifies human development in terms of access to food, water and energy, the Human Development Index (HDI), Population Health measures (such as child mortality and life expectancy), and many indicators of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Here we concentrate on those parts of GISMO that link directly to other parts of the IMAGE core model: climate related health risks, urban and indoor air pollution related health problems, and effects of malnutrition. On all scale levels, from global UN processes to local initiatives, decision makers are concerned with improving the standards of living and human development. The IMAGE framework provides valuable insights in key environmental factors that affect human development, and how these impacts can be reduced as the result of improvements in the state of the natural environment
Input/Output Table
Input Human development component
| IMAGE model drivers and variables | Description | Source |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | Gross Domestic Product per capita, measured as the market value of all goods and services produced in a region in a year, and is used in the IMAGE framework as a generic indicator of economic activity. | Drivers |
| GINI coefficient | Measure of income disparity in a population. If all have the same income, GINI equals 1. The lower the GINI, the wider the gap between the lowest and highest income groups. | Drivers |
| Population - grid | Number of people per gridcell (using downscaling). | Drivers |
| Urban population fraction | Urban/rural split of population. | Drivers |
| BC, OC and NOx emissions | Emissions of BC, OC and NOx per year. | Emissions |
| Food availability per capita | Food availability per capita. | Agricultural economy |
| People dependent on solid fuel | Proportion of population using traditional biomass and coal for cooking and heating. | Energy demand |
| Precipitation - grid | Monthly total precipitation. | Atmospheric composition and climate |
| SO2 emissions | SO2 emissions, per source (e.g. fossil fuel burning, deforestation). | Emissions |
| Temperature - grid | Monthly average temperature. | Atmospheric composition and climate |
Output Human development component
| IMAGE model variables | Description | Use |
|---|---|---|
| People living on less then USD 1.25 per day | People living on less than $1.25 a day. | Final output |
| DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) | The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability and early death. | Final output |
| Access to drinking water and sanitation | Percentage of the population with sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. | Final output |
| HDI (human development index) | HDI: Development level of a country based on income, education and life expectancy. | Final output |
| Child underweight | Prevalence of undernourishment in children. | Final output |
| Child mortality | he probability per 1,000 that a new-born baby will die before reaching the age five, if subject to average age-specific mortality rates. | Final output |
| Prevalence of undernourishment | Proportion of the population with insufficient food intake to meet dietary energy requirements. | Final output |
| Life expectancy | Average life expectancy of a person born in a given year.. | Final output |
Parts of Human development
