Energy demand - Cement
Clinker and Cement sector
Overall Layout
Value chain representation
Available value chain elements represented in the IMAGE model:
Elements | Presence | Elaboration |
Material extraction | - | - |
Material demand | x | Logistic growth model plotted to historical per capita steel consumption data and per capita GDP (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
Production routes | x |
Primary (Clinker to cement) (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
Technology choice | x |
Market share decided on multinomial logit formulation, choosing on relative production costs per region (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
Trade | x |
Trade is calculated based on the average regional production cost (e.g. production costs, transport cost and trade barriers) (van Ruijven et al., 2016) |
End use representation | - | - |
End-of-life representation | - | - |
Historical representation
Available capital stock present at the start of the simulation:
Fossil based capacity |
|
Dynamic options for systems change
The following capital stock alternatives are at the disposal of the IMAGE model. Options are chosen on a least-cost base. Relative price differences are created through differences and changes in CAPEX, OPEX, carbon storage costs and policy costs over the time horizon of the model.
Class | Option |
Energy innovations |
|
CC(U)S |
|
Material innovations | |
Process innovations |
Additional imposable options for systems change
The following options for systems change can be imposed onto the model. Not included in a standard IMAGE model scenario run.
Class | Option |
Energy innovations | |
CC(U)S | |
Material innovation |
|
Process innovations |