Climate policy/Description: Difference between revisions
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{{ComponentSubDescriptionTemplate | {{ComponentSubDescriptionTemplate | ||
|Status=On hold | |Status=On hold | ||
|Reference=Enerdata, 2010; Kindermann et al., 2008; Den Elzen et al., 2007; Van Vliet et al., 2009; Van Vuuren et al., 2011; Meinshausen et al., 2011c; | |Reference=Enerdata, 2010; Kindermann et al., 2008; Den Elzen et al., 2007; Van Vliet et al., 2009; Van Vuuren et al., 2011; Meinshausen et al., 2011c; Hof et al., 2013; Hof et al., 2012; Den | ||
|Description=<h2> Model description </h2> | |Description=<h2> Model description </h2> | ||
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===Global pathfinder and climate module=== | ===Global pathfinder and climate module=== | ||
The pathfinder module FAIR-SiMCaP calculates global emission pathways that satisfy a long-term climate target ([[Den Elzen et al., 2007]]; [[Van Vliet et al., 2009]]; [[Van Vuuren et al., 2011]]) . Input are climate targets that are defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature, or cumulative emissions. Intermediate restrictions on overshoot levels or intermediate emission targets representing climate policy progress also can be included. The model combines the mitigation costs model of FAIR and a module that minimises cumulative discounted mitigation costs by varying the timing of emission reductions. For the climate calculations, FAIR-SiMCaP uses the MAGICC 6 model, with parameter settings calibrated to reproduce the medium response in terms of time scale and amplitude of 19 IPCC AR4 General Circulation Models ([[Meinshausen et al., 2011c]]). | The pathfinder module FAIR-SiMCaP calculates global emission pathways that satisfy a long-term climate target ([[Den Elzen et al., 2007]]; [[Van Vliet et al., 2009]]; [[Van Vuuren et al., 2011]]) . Input are climate targets that are defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature, or cumulative emissions. Intermediate restrictions on overshoot levels or intermediate emission targets representing climate policy progress also can be included. The model combines the mitigation costs model of FAIR and a module that minimises cumulative discounted mitigation costs by varying the timing of emission reductions. For the climate calculations, FAIR-SiMCaP uses the MAGICC 6 model, with parameter settings calibrated to reproduce the medium response in terms of time scale and amplitude of 19 IPCC AR4 General Circulation Models ([[Meinshausen et al., 2011c]]). | ||
===Policy evaluation module=== | |||
The policy evaluation module calculates emission levels resulting from the pledges and mitigation actions submitted by developed and developing countries as part of the 2010 UNFCCC Cancún Agreements (for instance, [[Den Elzen et al., 2013]]; [[Hof et al., 2013]]). This module also analyses the impact of planned and/or implemented domestic mitigation policies, such as carbon taxes, feed-in tariffs and renewable targets, on national emissions by 2020, to determine whether countries are on track to achieve their reduction pledges ([[Roelfsema et al., 2013]]). For this purpose, it uses a wide range of evaluation tools, which have been developed in cooperation with IIASA and ECOFYS, such as tools for analysing policy options for addressing land-use credits and surplus emissions. | |||
===Effort-sharing module=== | |||
The effort-sharing module calculates emission targets for regions and countries, resulting from different emission allocation or effort-sharing schemes (for instance, [[Den Elzen et al., 2012]]; [[Hof et al., 2012]]). Such schemes start either at the global allowed emission level, after which a certain effort-sharing approach allocates emission allowances across regions, or at the required global reduction level, after which various effort-sharing approaches allocate regional emission reduction targets. Both these approaches use information from the global pathfinder and climate module on the required global emission level or emission reductions. As an alternative, emission allowances can be allocated to regions without a predefined global (reduction) target, based on different effort-sharing approaches. Effort-sharing approaches included in the model are Contraction & Convergence, common-but-differentiated convergence and a multi-stage approach. | |||
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