Climate policy/Description: Difference between revisions
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{{ComponentSubDescriptionTemplate | {{ComponentSubDescriptionTemplate | ||
|Status=On hold | |Status=On hold | ||
|Reference=Enerdata, 2010; Kindermann et al., 2008; Den Elzen et al., 2007; Van Vliet et al., 2009; Van Vuuren et al., 2011; Meinshausen et al., 2011c; Hof et al., 2013; Hof et al., 2012; Den Elzen et al., 2012b; Den Elzen et al., 2012c; Den Elzen et al., 2008; Den Elzen et al., 2011a; Den Elzen et al., 2011b; Hof et al., 2008; Hof et al., 2010; Hof et al., 2009; | |Reference=Enerdata, 2010; Kindermann et al., 2008; Den Elzen et al., 2007; Van Vliet et al., 2009; Van Vuuren et al., 2011; Meinshausen et al., 2011c; Hof et al., 2013; Hof et al., 2012; Den Elzen et al., 2012b; Den Elzen et al., 2012c; Den Elzen et al., 2008; Den Elzen et al., 2011a; Den Elzen et al., 2011b; Hof et al., 2008; Hof et al., 2010; Hof et al., 2009; Roelfsema et al., 2013a; Roelfsema et al., 2013b; | ||
|Description=<h2> Model description </h2> | |Description=<h2> Model description </h2> | ||
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===Policy evaluation module=== | ===Policy evaluation module=== | ||
The policy evaluation module calculates emission levels resulting from the pledges and mitigation actions submitted by developed and developing countries as part of the 2010 UNFCCC Cancún Agreements (for instance, [[Den Elzen et al., 2013]]; [[Hof et al., 2013]]). This module also analyses the impact of planned and/or implemented domestic mitigation policies, such as carbon taxes, feed-in tariffs and renewable targets, on national emissions by 2020, to determine whether countries are on track to achieve their reduction pledges ([[Roelfsema et al., | The policy evaluation module calculates emission levels resulting from the pledges and mitigation actions submitted by developed and developing countries as part of the 2010 UNFCCC Cancún Agreements (for instance, [[Den Elzen et al., 2013]]; [[Hof et al., 2013]]). This module also analyses the impact of planned and/or implemented domestic mitigation policies, such as carbon taxes, feed-in tariffs and renewable targets, on national emissions by 2020, to determine whether countries are on track to achieve their reduction pledges ([[Roelfsema et al., 2013a]]; [[Roelfsema et al., 2013b]]). For this purpose, it uses a wide range of evaluation tools, which have been developed in cooperation with IIASA and ECOFYS, such as tools for analysing policy options for addressing land-use credits and surplus emissions. | ||
===Effort-sharing module=== | ===Effort-sharing module=== | ||
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===Damage and cost-benefit module=== | ===Damage and cost-benefit module=== | ||
The damage and cost-benefit module calculates the consumption loss resulting from the damage of climate change, and compares these with the consumption losses of adaptation and mitigation costs (for instance, [[Hof et al., 2008]]; [[Hof et al., 2009]]; [[Hof et al., 2010]]). The estimates on adaptation costs and residual damage were based on the AD-RICE model (de Bruin et al. 2009). The AD-RICE model estimates adaptation costs based on total damage projections by the RICE model. These total damage projections include both adaptation costs and residual damage. Calibration of the regional adaptation cost functions was based on an assessment of each impact category described in the RICE model, using relevant literature, supplemented with expert judgement where necessary. The optimal level of adaptation can be calculated by the model, but the level of adaptation may also be set to a non-optimal level by the user. Consumption losses are estimated based on a simple Cobb-Douglas economic growth model. First, this model, for each region, is separately calibrated to the exogenous GDP path. Next, damage, adaptation costs and abatement costs are subtracted from investment or consumption to determine the effect on consumption (directly by replacing consumption or indirectly by replacing investments). | The damage and cost-benefit module calculates the consumption loss resulting from the damage of climate change, and compares these with the consumption losses of adaptation and mitigation costs (for instance, [[Hof et al., 2008]]; [[Hof et al., 2009]]; [[Hof et al., 2010]]). The estimates on adaptation costs and residual damage were based on the AD-RICE model (de Bruin et al. 2009). The AD-RICE model estimates adaptation costs based on total damage projections by the RICE model. These total damage projections include both adaptation costs and residual damage. Calibration of the regional adaptation cost functions was based on an assessment of each impact category described in the RICE model, using relevant literature, supplemented with expert judgement where necessary. The optimal level of adaptation can be calculated by the model, but the level of adaptation may also be set to a non-optimal level by the user. Consumption losses are estimated based on a simple Cobb-Douglas economic growth model. First, this model, for each region, is separately calibrated to the exogenous GDP path. Next, damage, adaptation costs and abatement costs are subtracted from investment or consumption to determine the effect on consumption (directly by replacing consumption or indirectly by replacing investments). | ||
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