Impacts

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|Description=The various IMAGE 3.0 modules for the socio-economic system and the earth system, are closely coupled and linked via multiple feedback mechanisms, and, thus, form the ‘core model’ of IMAGE 3.0. These modules typically produce two types of output. One to serve as input in other parts of IMAGE, the other to describe impacts in the form of end-indicators in their own right. In practice, many indicators do serve both purposes, and many state variables of the IMAGE core modules constitute interesting impact indicators, such as of land-use change, crop yields and climate parameters. Over time, researchers and policy analysts became interested in expanding the list of impacts beyond what the core model could provide. As a result, a suite of additional impact modules was developed and linked with the IMAGE core model through a static exchange of data. In other words, these impact modules can be invoked if and when desired to address specific fields of interest, and they have proven very helpful to explore interactions between very different issues of sustainable development.

See the section Impacts_of_environmental_change of the IMAGE framework summary.

All impact variables:

Specific impact modules are presented in subsequent dedicated sections. Below, all indicators that originate from the modules in the core model are briefly described.