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How could management improve agricultural productivity under current and future water constraints?  +
What is the effect of effort-sharing approaches on regional and national emission reduction targets and on the cost of climate policies?  +
What synergies between climate policy and air pollution control can be identified?  +
What are the potential roles of individual technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), nuclear power, hydrogen and renewable energy?  +
What is the mix of end-use energy carriers to meet future energy demand?  +
How could policy interventions contribute to improving future ecosystem services?  +
How can energy supply and demand be balanced between world regions, and how will this effect security of supply?  +
What transitions in the energy system would meet long-term climate goals?  +
What are the implications of forest management for pristine and managed forest areas, and on biomass and carbon stocks and fluxes of relevance for climate policy?  +
What would be the impact of floods, in terms of damage and victims, and where are the hot spots?  +
What is the potential of adaptation measures to reduce water stress and water-related crop production losses?  +
How are changes in the global environment likely to affect human development?  +
What are the consequences of these changes for international targets for biodiversity protection (addressed by the CBD), climate change (UNFCCC) and human development (addressed by the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals)?  +
How can changes in consumption patterns contribute to achieving sustainability goals through changes in land use?  +
What are the future risks of soil degradation?  +
How does the use of marginal lands for grazing increase the risk of degradation and loss of productivity, inducing more forest clearing?  +
To what extent can the negative impacts be reduced by more efficient nutrient management and wastewater treatment, while retaining the positive effects on food production and land productivity?  +
To what extent can the terrestrial biosphere contribute to reducing the accumulation of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere and what are viable mechanisms?  +
What are the key pressure factors causing biodiversity loss?  +
How do climate change and land-use management affect the land productivity of current and future agricultural land?  +