Emission table

Source	Activity	Approach*1	CO2	CH4	N2O	SO2	NOx	CO	VOC	F-gases	BC	OC
A. Energy related
End-use energy use (industry, transport, residential, services and other)	Energy consumption rates	EF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Energy sector (production of power, hydrogen, coal, oil, gas, bioenergy)	Energy production rates	EF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Energy transport	Energy transport rates	EF		X
Other energy conversion	Energy conversion rates	EF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X
B. Industry related
Emissions from industrial process	Industry value added (IVA)	EF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Cement and Steel	Regional production	EF	X
C. Agriculture and land-use-related
Enteric fermentation, cattle	Feed type and amount	GPM*2		X
Animal waste, all animal categories	Number of animals	GEF		X	X
Landfills	Population	GEF		X
Deforestation	Carbon burnt	GPM*4	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Agricultural waste burning	Carbon burnt	GEF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Traditional biomass burning	Carbon burnt	GEF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Savannah burning	Carbon burnt	GEF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Wildfires	Carbon	EF	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X
Domestic sewage treatment	Population, GDP	GEF		X	X
Wetland rice fields	Area wetland rice	GPM		GEF	X		X
Other crops	Fertilizser and manure inputs	GPM			X		X
Managed grassland	N fertilizser and manure inputs	GPM			GPM
D. Natural sources
Soils under natural vegetation	Net primary production	GPM			X(cc)
Land-use change	Clearing forest areas	GPM			X(cc)
Natural vegetation	N/A	W							X
Oceans	N/A	W
Natural wetlands	N/A	W		X
Termites	N/A	W		X
Wild animals	Net primary production	GEF
Methane hydrates	N/A	W		X
Volcanoes	N/A	W		X		X
Lightning	N/A	W			X		X

X denotes link between source and gas or aerosol.

(^*1)

• W = Global emissions;
• EF = Regional emissions from sources calculated with the emission factor;
• GEF = Emission factor with spatial distribution of regional emissions using proxy spatial distribution;
• GPM = Model-based emissions calculated on a grid scale;
• in some cases, a specific approach is used for a gas species and deviates from the approach for the other gases;
• (cc) indicates variable emission level under climate change.

(^*2) GPM for dairy and non-dairy cattle, emission factors for other animal categories.

(^*3) NH3 emissions from animal houses, manure storage and grazing livestock are based on emission factors; emissions from manure spreading are based on a grid-scale model.

(^*4) Modelled deforestation is used