Air pollution and energy policies/Data uncertainties limitations: Difference between revisions
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{{ComponentDataUncertaintyAndLimitationsTemplate | {{ComponentDataUncertaintyAndLimitationsTemplate | ||
|Description=The availability and quality of data differs for the issues energy security, access and air pollution. For energy security, the information presented by IMAGE is indirectly obtained by calibrating to the [[IEA]] data for the historical period. For energy access, available global data is poor. This implies that the model has been mostly calibrated to national information on a number of main countries (China, India); subsequently, the model has been applied to all IMAGE regions. Finally, for air pollution, a larger number of emission inventories exist. For IMAGE, information was obtained from the [[EDGAR database]]. | |||
Another challenge is that of policy representation. First of all, data on different policies around the world on diverse energy policies are difficult to obtain. Secondly, for several of these policies it is not so easy to represent them in a model. For energy security, for instance, policies often do not contain clearly formulated targets and associated policy instruments, but more abstract formulations of preferred directions combined with different incentives for domestic production. | |||
In the IMAGE model, some main assumptions and simplifications have been made to assess energy policies. In describing energy access, one key issue, for instance, is the focus on centralised grids only. Decentralised and off-grid or mini-grid options may be more preferable and economical in rural regions. Similarly, for supplying heat, local alternatives may sometimes be attractive, such as locally produced biogas. For energy security, the key indicators in the IMAGE model are depletion, trade and diversity, while other important aspects of energy security, such as accessibility and acceptability, are poorly represented. As stated above, emission reduction measures for reducing air pollution cannot be modelled explicitly; this must be done by adjusting emission factors based on more detailed information. The air pollution policies are also not specified in terms of costs. Finally, the use of emission factors also implies that specific consequences, such as increases in other types of emissions or loss of energy efficiency are difficult to address. | |||
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Revision as of 17:11, 10 January 2014
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