IMAGE framework/A brief history of IMAGE: Difference between revisions

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|Reference=Alcamo, 1994; Rotmans, 1990; Alcamo et al., 1998; IMAGE-team, 2001; Bouwman et al., 2006;
|Reference=Alcamo, 1994; Rotmans, 1990; Alcamo et al., 1998; IMAGE-team, 2001; Bouwman et al., 2006;
|Description=The IMAGE version 3.0 presented here is the most recent, operational incarnation of the model framework developed out of a suite of earlier versions, going back to the late eighties and published in a series of books.
|Description=The IMAGE version 3.0 presented here is the most recent, operational incarnation of the model framework developed out of a suite of earlier versions, going back to the late eighties and published in a series of books.
===What is new in IMAGE 3.0:  ===
* Detailed energy demand modules, including household energy demand levels and energy carrier preferences distinguished between urban and rural populations and by income level in developing and emerging economies. And also in selected energy-intensive industries, using technological production alternatives with their costs and efficiencies in delivering energy services.
* Forestry management. The demand for roundwood, pulp and paper, and for traditional bio-energy use (fuelwood and charcoal) is met by supply from different production systems, per region balanced with trade. Management systems include clear-cutting, selective cutting (conventional or “reduced impact logging”) and dedicated wood plantations. In addition, wood products are retrieved from areas deforested for agriculture and other non-forestry purposes.
* A new and updated crop and carbon model, [[LPJmL model|LPJmL]], simulates plant growth as a function of soil properties, water availability, climatic conditions and crop growth parameters. Carbon stocks and fluxes, biomass yields and water surplus are thereby integrated and internally consistent.
* Global hydrological modelling, coupled with natural vegetation and crop growth modelling. The balance of precipitation and evapotranspiration in each grid-cell feeds a routing network of rivers and natural lakes. Man-made reservoirs for hydropower production, irrigation or mixed use built to date are included and alter river flows.
* Nutrient (N, P) soil budgets for natural and anthropogenic land use, to assess nutrient cycles in agricultural and natural ecosystems, and fertilizer use, its efficiency and integration of manure in crop production systems Besides these non-point sources, point-sources of urban wastewater with nutrients are modelled. The fate of the nutrients in the river systems finally determines the loading into coastal waters at the river mouth, creating risks of hypoxia and algal blooms.
* Landscape composition on a 5x5 minutes resolution, from the 0.5x0.5 degrees grid used in all IMAGE 2.x versions. Depending on the modules, the 5 minute information is processed directly, or translated into fractional land-use at the 0.5 degree scale.
* The climate model with associated data is updated to Magicc 6.0, a simple climate model that estimates global average temperatures as the result of net [[GHG]] emissions, carbon uptake, and atmospheric concentrations of climate forcing agents. The global average temperature is used to scale grid-based climate indicators emerging from complex climate model studies.
* Additional impact modules provide information on flood risks;; aquatic biodiversity; ecosystem goods and services and human health.
* Optimal GHG emission reduction pathways under overall
==A brief history of IMAGE==


===IMAGE 1===
===IMAGE 1===
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After publication of the IMAGE 2.4 book and a subsequent review of progress by the IMAGE  Advisory Board, further development of the framework had has been undertaken, , published in a range of journal articles and conference papers. New features include more bottom-up modeling of household energy systems in TIMER, distinguishing rural and urban population demands by income level. Selected industries were represented in more technical detail to underpin energy demands and emissions better. The forestry sector was revisited and now includes forestry management options besides clear-cutting. Biodiversity impacts modeling was extended to cover freshwater systems besides terrestrial biomes. In cooperation with WUR and PIK (Potsdam, Germany), the natural vegetation and crop modules of IMAGE were replaced by the [[LPJ model|LPJ]] Global Dynamic Vegetation Model , allowing for  modeling of coupled carbon and water cycles, and bringing a global hydrological model to IMAGE, which was not available in earlier versions. hydrological modelling. These and other developments were implemented stepwise on top of IMAGE 2.4, in intermediate versions. All these changes together  are now incorporated in IMAGE 3.0. These new developments, see below, delineate clearly the new generation IMAGE 3 from the earlier sequence of IMAGE 2 versions .  
After publication of the IMAGE 2.4 book and a subsequent review of progress by the IMAGE  Advisory Board, further development of the framework had has been undertaken, , published in a range of journal articles and conference papers. New features include more bottom-up modeling of household energy systems in TIMER, distinguishing rural and urban population demands by income level. Selected industries were represented in more technical detail to underpin energy demands and emissions better. The forestry sector was revisited and now includes forestry management options besides clear-cutting. Biodiversity impacts modeling was extended to cover freshwater systems besides terrestrial biomes. In cooperation with WUR and PIK (Potsdam, Germany), the natural vegetation and crop modules of IMAGE were replaced by the [[LPJ model|LPJ]] Global Dynamic Vegetation Model , allowing for  modeling of coupled carbon and water cycles, and bringing a global hydrological model to IMAGE, which was not available in earlier versions. hydrological modelling. These and other developments were implemented stepwise on top of IMAGE 2.4, in intermediate versions. All these changes together  are now incorporated in IMAGE 3.0. These new developments, see below, delineate clearly the new generation IMAGE 3 from the earlier sequence of IMAGE 2 versions .  


===What is new in IMAGE 3.0: ===
  climate policy goals are explored under varying assumptions for participation timing, rules and emission targets under global strategies. A simple cost-benefit analysis tool is added to test the net economic outcome of mitigation efforts, adaptation costs and residual climate change impacts at different levels of forcing, subject to varying cost and damage assumptions found in the literature.
* Detailed energy demand modules, including household energy demand levels and energy carrier preferences distinguished between urban and rural populations and by income level in developing and emerging economies. And also in selected energy-intensive industries, using technological production alternatives with their costs and efficiencies in delivering energy services.
* Forestry management. The demand for roundwood, pulp and paper, and for traditional bio-energy use (fuelwood and charcoal) is met by supply from different production systems, per region balanced with trade. Management systems include clear-cutting, selective cutting (conventional or “reduced impact logging”) and dedicated wood plantations. In addition, wood products are retrieved from areas deforested for agriculture and other non-forestry purposes.
* A new and updated crop and carbon model, [[LPJmL model|LPJmL]], simulates plant growth as a function of soil properties, water availability, climatic conditions and crop growth parameters. Carbon stocks and fluxes, biomass yields and water surplus are thereby integrated and internally consistent.
* Global hydrological modelling, coupled with natural vegetation and crop growth modelling. The balance of precipitation and evapotranspiration in each grid-cell feeds a routing network of rivers and natural lakes. Man-made reservoirs for hydropower production, irrigation or mixed use built to date are included and alter river flows.
* Nutrient (N, P) soil budgets for natural and anthropogenic land use, to assess nutrient cycles in agricultural and natural ecosystems, and fertilizer use, its efficiency and integration of manure in crop production systems Besides these non-point sources, point-sources of urban wastewater with nutrients are modelled. The fate of the nutrients in the river systems finally determines the loading into coastal waters at the river mouth, creating risks of hypoxia and algal blooms.
* Landscape composition on a 5x5 minutes resolution, from the 0.5x0.5 degrees grid used in all IMAGE 2.x versions. Depending on the modules, the 5 minute information is processed directly, or translated into fractional land-use at the 0.5 degree scale.
* The climate model with associated data is updated to Magicc 6.0, a simple climate model that estimates global average temperatures as the result of net [[GHG]] emissions, carbon uptake, and atmospheric concentrations of climate forcing agents. The global average temperature is used to scale grid-based climate indicators emerging from complex climate model studies.
* Additional impact modules provide information on flood risks;; aquatic biodiversity; ecosystem goods and services and human health.
* Optimal GHG emission reduction pathways under overall climate policy goals are explored under varying assumptions for participation timing, rules and emission targets under global strategies. A simple cost-benefit analysis tool is added to test the net economic outcome of mitigation efforts, adaptation costs and residual climate change impacts at different levels of forcing, subject to varying cost and damage assumptions found in the literature.
}}
}}

Revision as of 13:48, 16 December 2013

Parts of IMAGE framework/A brief history of IMAGE

  1. Setting the stage
  2. IMAGE 3.0 in a nutshell
  3. Recent model developments
  4. A brief history of IMAGE
  5. Organisational set-up and scientific quality
  6. Uncertainties
Projects/Applications
Models/Databases
Relevant overviews
References
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