Air pollution and energy policies/Policy issues: Difference between revisions
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===Baseline developments=== | ===Baseline developments=== | ||
The IMAGE model can also be used to look into energy access issues. The baseline scenario of the [[Roads from Rio+20 (2012)|Rio+20]] report shows that, without additional policy by 2030, 2.6 billion people will continue to depend on solid fuels for cooking and heating and 1 billion people will have no access to electricity ([[PBL, 2012]]). Low access has been reported to lead not only to development problems, but also to environmental problems. | The IMAGE model can also be used to look into energy access issues. The baseline scenario of the [[Roads from Rio+20 (2012) project|Rio+20]] report shows that, without additional policy by 2030, 2.6 billion people will continue to depend on solid fuels for cooking and heating and 1 billion people will have no access to electricity ([[PBL, 2012]]). Low access has been reported to lead not only to development problems, but also to environmental problems. | ||
===Policy interventions=== | ===Policy interventions=== | ||
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===Baseline developments=== | ===Baseline developments=== | ||
Both indoor and outdoor air pollution are important issues for energy policies. Air pollution can have negative impacts on health and air pollution. IMAGE can be used to explore air pollution policies, particularly, in relation to climate policy. In the baseline scenario of the [[Roads from Rio+20 (2012)|Rio+20]] project, for instance, emissions of air pollutants stay globally at high levels ([[PBL, 2012]]). Black carbon emissions are projected to decrease towards 2050, while SO2 emissions stay constant and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions increase. Another key factor is the ageing of the population, since the impacts of air pollution will especially be felt among the elderly. | Both indoor and outdoor air pollution are important issues for energy policies. Air pollution can have negative impacts on health and air pollution. IMAGE can be used to explore air pollution policies, particularly, in relation to climate policy. In the baseline scenario of the [[Roads from Rio+20 (2012) project|Rio+20]] project, for instance, emissions of air pollutants stay globally at high levels ([[PBL, 2012]]). Black carbon emissions are projected to decrease towards 2050, while SO2 emissions stay constant and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions increase. Another key factor is the ageing of the population, since the impacts of air pollution will especially be felt among the elderly. | ||
===Policy intervention=== | ===Policy intervention=== | ||
The emission of air pollutants may be reduced by either a change in energy use or by implementation of end-of-pipe abatement measures. In IMAGE, the first policy category can be explicitly modelled; for instance, as a result of climate policy. It should be noted that many of the technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions also lead to fewer air pollutant emissions. End-of-pipe policies can only be implemented by changing the emission factors (in a rather aggregated way). However, by relating the improvement rates to those of more explicit models, it is still possible to perform policy relevant experiments. | The emission of air pollutants may be reduced by either a change in energy use or by implementation of end-of-pipe abatement measures. In IMAGE, the first policy category can be explicitly modelled; for instance, as a result of climate policy. It should be noted that many of the technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions also lead to fewer air pollutant emissions. End-of-pipe policies can only be implemented by changing the emission factors (in a rather aggregated way). However, by relating the improvement rates to those of more explicit models, it is still possible to perform policy relevant experiments. | ||
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Revision as of 15:46, 13 January 2014
Parts of Air pollution and energy policies/Policy issues
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