Air pollution and energy policies/Policy issues: Difference between revisions
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|Header=Air pollution | |||
|Description=''Baseline developments'' | |||
Indoor and outdoor air pollution with negative health impacts are key issues for energy policies. IMAGE is used to explore air pollution policies, particularly in relation to climate policy. In the baseline scenario of the Rio+20 project, for instance, emissions of air pollutants remain at high levels globally ([[PBL, 2012]]) (see Figure Global houshold access). Black carbon emissions are projected to decrease towards 2050, while SO2 emissions remain constant and NOx emissions increase. Another key factor is the ageing population because the impacts of air pollution are felt stronger by the elderly. | |||
''Policy intervention'' | |||
Emissions of air pollutants may be reduced by either a change in energy use or end-of-pipe abatement measures. In IMAGE, the first policy category can be modelled explicitly, for instance, as a result of climate policy. Many technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions also lead to less emissions of air pollutants. End-of-pipe policies can only be implemented by changing the emission factors (in an aggregated way). However, by relating the change in emission factors to those of more explicit air pollution models, it is possible to perform policy relevant experiments. | |||
|PISet=Implementation of sustainability criteria in bio-energy production; Carbon tax; | |||
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Revision as of 16:37, 15 May 2014
Parts of Air pollution and energy policies/Policy issues
| Component is implemented in: |
| Related IMAGE components |
| Projects/Applications |
| Key publications |
| References |
Air pollution
Baseline developments Indoor and outdoor air pollution with negative health impacts are key issues for energy policies. IMAGE is used to explore air pollution policies, particularly in relation to climate policy. In the baseline scenario of the Rio+20 project, for instance, emissions of air pollutants remain at high levels globally (PBL, 2012) (see Figure Global houshold access). Black carbon emissions are projected to decrease towards 2050, while SO2 emissions remain constant and NOx emissions increase. Another key factor is the ageing population because the impacts of air pollution are felt stronger by the elderly.
Policy intervention Emissions of air pollutants may be reduced by either a change in energy use or end-of-pipe abatement measures. In IMAGE, the first policy category can be modelled explicitly, for instance, as a result of climate policy. Many technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions also lead to less emissions of air pollutants. End-of-pipe policies can only be implemented by changing the emission factors (in an aggregated way). However, by relating the change in emission factors to those of more explicit air pollution models, it is possible to perform policy relevant experiments.
| Policy intervention | Description | Implemented in/affected component |
|---|---|---|
| Implementation of sustainability criteria in bio-energy production | Sustainability criteria that could become binding for dedicated bio-energy production, such as the restrictive use of water-scarce or degraded areas. | |
| Carbon tax | A tax on carbon leads to higher prices for carbon intensive fuels (such as fossil fuels), making low-carbon alternatives more attractive. |
(*) Implementing component.