Water: Difference between revisions
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{{ComponentTemplate2 | {{ComponentTemplate2 | ||
|Application=OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050 (2012); | |Application=OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050 (2012); | ||
|IMAGEComponent=Scenario drivers; Agriculture and land use; Natural vegetation and carbon cycle; Crop and grass; Forest management; Human development; Energy supply and demand; | |IMAGEComponent=Scenario drivers; Agriculture and land use; Natural vegetation and carbon cycle; Crop and grass; Forest management; Human development; Energy supply and demand; | ||
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|InputVar=Land cover; Temperature; Precipitation; Crop irrigation water requirement; Irrigation project and conveyance efficiency; Crop irrigation water requirement; | |InputVar=Land cover; Temperature; Precipitation; Crop irrigation water requirement; Irrigation project and conveyance efficiency; Crop irrigation water requirement; | ||
|OutputVar=Water availability; Irrigation water supply; Run off; River flow; Digital water network; | |OutputVar=Water availability; Irrigation water supply; Run off; River flow; Digital water network; | ||
|Parameter=Soil characteristics; Water demand other sectors; | |Parameter=Soil characteristics; Water demand other sectors; Vegetation characteristics; | ||
|Description=Water plays an important role in many natural and human processes. Its availability is essential for natural vegetation and agricultural production, for human settlements and industry. Around one third of the worlds’ population is living in countries already suffering from ‘medium’ to ‘high’ water stress ([[OECD, 2012]]). This number is expected to increase further, due to a growing population that will need more water and is living in a changing climate. | |Description=Water plays an important role in many natural and human processes. Its availability is essential for natural vegetation and agricultural production, for human settlements and industry. Around one third of the worlds’ population is living in countries already suffering from ‘medium’ to ‘high’ water stress ([[OECD, 2012]]). This number is expected to increase further, due to a growing population that will need more water and is living in a changing climate. | ||
Today, agriculture is responsible for 70% of the total global water withdrawals and is thus by far the biggest water user. Around one third of the total global crop production is harvested from irrigated areas, although they only occupy 17% of croplands (e.g. [[Portmann et al., 2010]]). This indicates that irrigation generally supports more productive agricultural practices. | Today, agriculture is responsible for 70% of the total global water withdrawals and is thus by far the biggest water user. Around one third of the total global crop production is harvested from irrigated areas, although they only occupy 17% of croplands (e.g. [[Portmann et al., 2010]]). This indicates that irrigation generally supports more productive agricultural practices. | ||
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The hydrological model of IMAGE is closely linked to the model on natural vegetation, crop and carbon cycles (see [[Natural vegetation and carbon cycle]]; [[Crop and grass]]), because all those submodels are represented in LPJmL, which is a global hydrology and vegetation model ([[Sitch et al., 2003]]; [[Bondeau et al., 2007]]). | The hydrological model of IMAGE is closely linked to the model on natural vegetation, crop and carbon cycles (see [[Natural vegetation and carbon cycle]]; [[Crop and grass]]), because all those submodels are represented in LPJmL, which is a global hydrology and vegetation model ([[Sitch et al., 2003]]; [[Bondeau et al., 2007]]). | ||
An overview of data exchanges with other IMAGE modules is given below. Data on annual land cover and land use are used as input into LPJmL, including information on the location of irrigated areas and types of crops. This influences the amounts of water that evaporate and run off, as well as the amount of water needed for those irrigated areas. Vice versa, information on water availability as calculated by LPJmL is taken into account by the land allocation model to find suitable locations for the expansion of irrigated areas. Climate is used as an input into LPJmL to determine reference evapotranspiration, and the precipitation input to the water balance ([[Gerten et al., 2004]]). The crop model, which is also part of LPJmL ([[Crop and grass]]), calculates irrigation water demand based on crop characteristics, soil moisture and climate. If the amount of water available for irrigation is limited, the crop model calculates the reduction in crop yield due to water stress. | An overview of data exchanges with other IMAGE modules is given below. Data on annual land cover and land use are used as input into LPJmL, including information on the location of irrigated areas and types of crops. This influences the amounts of water that evaporate and run off, as well as the amount of water needed for those irrigated areas. Vice versa, information on water availability as calculated by LPJmL is taken into account by the land allocation model to find suitable locations for the expansion of irrigated areas. Climate is used as an input into LPJmL to determine reference evapotranspiration, and the precipitation input to the water balance ([[Gerten et al., 2004]]). The crop model, which is also part of LPJmL ([[Crop and grass]]), calculates irrigation water demand based on crop characteristics, soil moisture and climate. If the amount of water available for irrigation is limited, the crop model calculates the reduction in crop yield due to water stress. | ||
|ComponentCode=H | |||
|AggregatedComponent=Vegetation, hydrology and agriculture | |||
|FrameworkElementType=state component | |||
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Revision as of 13:21, 8 January 2014
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Key policy issues
- What is the combined effect of climate change and socio-economic development on water demand and availability, and on associated agricultural production?
- What is the potential of adaptation measures to reduce water stress and water-related crop production losses?
- How can water demand be reduced and still provide the adequate service levels to the sectors with the highest demand?