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A
The ADVANCE project improved the representations of complex system interactions and thoroughly validated model behavior in order to increase confidence in climate policy assessments. +
The project AMPERE explored mitigation pathways and associated mitigation costs under technology and policy limitations and evaluated model differences and the relationship between model results and historical trends. The AMPERE project was a collaborative effort among 22 institutions in Europe, Asia and North America using 17 energy economy and integrated assessment models with diverse strengths and structures. The project focused on four central areas:
(i) The role of uncertainty about the climate response to anthropogenic forcing on the remaining carbon budget
(ii) the role of technology availability, innovation and the timing of mitigation in the energy sector
(iii) the role of internationally fragmented climate policies and potential first mover coalitions
(iv) decarbonisation scenarios for Europe, accounting for the impact of global climate policy dynamics
AMPERE was coordinated by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (Project chair: Ottmar Edenhofer; Project Director: Elmar Kriegler). The steering committee of the project included Detlef van Vuuren (Universiteit Utrecht), Keywan Riahi (IIASA), Pantelis Capros (ICCS) and Valentina Bosetti (FEEM). Ampere was funded through the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under grant agreement n° 265139.
AMPERE started in February 2011 and concluded with a final public conference in January 2014. +
B
More than a billion people live in poverty, without adequate food, safe drinking water or clean energy. Aimed at providing basic quality of life, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are leading on the agenda for development policies. Although substantial progress has been made over the last 15 year, the report shows this to be insufficient for achieving all goals in all regions by 2015. Many of the goals will not even be achieved by 2030. Reducing child mortality by two-thirds seems to be the most difficult target, requiring substantial additional policy efforts. +
C
The CD-LINKS project has four overarching goals:
(i) to gain an improved understanding of the linkages between climate change policies (mitigation/adaptation) and multiple sustainable development objectives,
(ii) to broaden the evidence base in the area of policy effectiveness by exploring past and current policy experiences,
(iii) to develop the next generation of globally consistent, national low-carbon development pathways, and
(iv) to establish a research network and capacity building platform in order to leverage knowledge-exchange among institutions from Europe and other key players within the G20.
CD-LINKS combines multiple streams of research – empirical analysis, model enhancement and scenario development – to achieve its multiple objectives. +
E
The 30th energy modeling forum (EMF30) is aimed at understanding the climatic role of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), such as methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons, both in mitigation and reference cases. +
What will happen to Europe in the forthcoming time? How will it impact on European agriculture and rural areas? What kind of threats and opportunities for socio-cultural, economic and ecological values can we expect? How do global issues (climate change, competing claims, world food prices, food security, sustainability) shape agriculture inside the EU and other regions in the world? What are adequate international policies and what is their effectiveness? The Eururalis consortium has developed a discussion-oriented tool that addresses these challenges for Europe in detail, and with the focus on the global dimension becoming more important. +
F
FOODSECURE aims to design effective and sustainable strategies for assessing and addressing the challenges of food and nutrition security. FOODSECURE provides a set of analytical instruments to experiment, analyse, and coordinate the effects of short and long term policies related to achieving food security. FOODSECURE impact lies in the knowledge base to support EU policy makers and other stakeholders in the design of consistent, coherent, long-term policy strategies for improving food and nutrition security. +
G
The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) defines a new global energy policy agenda – one that transforms the way society thinks about, uses, and delivers energy. Involving specialists from a range of disciplines, industry groups, and policy areas, GEA research aims to facilitate equitable and sustainable energy services for all, in particular the two billion people who currently lack access to clean, modern energy. +
Global Environment Outlook (GEO) is a consultative, participatory process that builds capacity for conducting integrated environmental assessments for reporting on the state, trends and outlooks of the environment. GEO is also a series of products that informs environmental decision-making and aims to facilitate the interaction between science and policy. +
Global Environment Outlook (GEO) is a consultative, participatory process that builds capacity for conducting integrated environmental assessments for reporting on the state, trends and outlooks of the environment. +
The PBL-study explores how various demands on land are expected to change under alternative future developments up to 2050, how that will affect the challenges facing global sustainability ambitions, and the extent to which land degradation may exacerbate these challenges. It provides policymakers with quantitative information on the order of magnitude of future change to the land system, and may support the debate on policy priorities and interventions. +
Land restoration has the potential to deliver multiple environmental and societal benefits simultaneously, making it a highly integrated solution for sustainable development. This study quantifies the potential effects of land restoration for soil, food, water, biodiversity and climate change at the global and regional levels, using three global land-use scenarios up to 2050. +
I
The SRES team defined four narrative storylines, labelled A1, A2, B1 and B2, describing the relationships between the forces driving greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions and their evolution during the 21st century for large world regions and globally . Each storyline represents different demographic, social, economic, technological, and environmental developments that diverge in increasingly irreversible ways. +
L
The FP7 research project LIMITS examined a series of critical questions which are especially relevant for climate policy making:
*What is the economic, technical and political feasibility of attaining stringent climate policies?
*How can we jump start investments and innovation into clean energy technologies?
*What is the role of policies in promoting mitigation and adaptation, recognizing the diversity of regional and national interests?
*What is the role of technologies and their advancements to meet the change in energy infrastructure?
By using state-of-the-art methodological instruments to assess climate policies, LIMITS aims at carrying out a rigorous assessment of what a stringent climate policy entails, and what is needed to overcome major impediments. +
Climate change and land-use change are essential environmental challenges to society that are also inseparably linked: the climate shapes the way people use land, by affecting food and water supplies; land-use change contributes to global and regional climate change by affecting land biogeochemical and biophysical processes. In addition to the direct impacts of climate change on ecosystems, management practices for climate change adaptation or mitigation (for instance avoiding deforestation, or promoting the use of bioenergy) also affect the supply of ecosystem services, and impact on other important societal goals (such as energy security or trade balances). The interplay between land use and climate change is therefore fundamental in understanding land-based climate mitigation options and how societies will adapt to climate change in the future. LUC4C aims to provide progress towards quantitative understanding of impacts and feedbacks in the coupled human-land-climate system, and the role people play. +
M
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment project assessed the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being. From 2001 to 2005, the MA involved the work of more than 1,360 experts worldwide. Their findings provide a state-of-the-art scientific appraisal of the condition and trends in the world’s ecosystems and the services they provide, as well as the scientific basis for action to conserve and use them sustainably. +
O
The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 provides analyses of economic and environmental trends to 2030, and simulations of policy actions to address the key challenges. Without new policies, we risk irreversibly damaging the environment and the natural resource base needed to support economic growth and well-being. The costs of policy inaction are high. +
The Environmental Outlook to 2050 looks ahead to the year 2050 to ascertain what demographic and economic trends might mean for the environment. It concludes that urgent action is needed now, so that the significant costs of inaction can be avoided, both in economic and human terms. +
R
In May 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ask the international scientific community to develop a new set of climate scenarios for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), expected to be published in 2013/2014. Four RCPs based on different radiative forcing levels were chosen from the literature. The RCP database, which documents the emissions, concentrations, and land-cover change projections based on these four RCPs, is intended to provide input to climate models. They will also facilitate and expedite future climate change assessments across the integrated assessment community. +
The mere protection of valuable nature areas, although still necessary, will not be sufficient for reducing biodiversity loss. To strongly reduce the rate of global biodiversity loss in the coming decades, structural changes in consumption and production are needed. A reduction in meat consumption would be of great benefit. In addition, changes are needed especially in agriculture, forestry, fishery and in the supply of energy. +