Energy supply: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
!CHANGE! The energy supply model simulates long-term trends in energy supply. This model describes the investments in, and the use of, different types of energy carriers by technology development and resource depletion. Technological development is implemented in form of learning curves for most fuels and renewable energy options. Costs decrease endogenously as a function of the cumulative energy capacity. On the other hand, resource costs increase as they get depleted which is based on cost-supply curves. | |||
!CHANGE! It is assumed that all demand is always met. Because regions are usually unable to meet all of their own demand, energy carriers, such as coal, oil and gas, are traded. The impact of depletion and technology development lead to changes in primary fuel prices, which influence investment decisions in the end-use and energy-conversion modules Linkages to other parts of IMAGE framework include available land for bio-energy production, emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, and the use of land for bio-energy production. | |||
It is assumed that all demand is always met. Because regions are usually unable to meet all of their own demand, energy carriers, such as coal, oil and gas, are | |||
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Revision as of 15:30, 25 April 2019
Component is implemented in: |
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Related IMAGE components |
Projects/Applications |
Key publications |
Key policy issues
- How can energy resources be exploited to meet future primary energy demand?
- How can energy supply and demand be balanced between world regions, and how will this effect security of supply?
- How rapidly can the transition to more sustainable energy supply be made?
Introduction
Introduction
!CHANGE! The energy supply model simulates long-term trends in energy supply. This model describes the investments in, and the use of, different types of energy carriers by technology development and resource depletion. Technological development is implemented in form of learning curves for most fuels and renewable energy options. Costs decrease endogenously as a function of the cumulative energy capacity. On the other hand, resource costs increase as they get depleted which is based on cost-supply curves.
!CHANGE! It is assumed that all demand is always met. Because regions are usually unable to meet all of their own demand, energy carriers, such as coal, oil and gas, are traded. The impact of depletion and technology development lead to changes in primary fuel prices, which influence investment decisions in the end-use and energy-conversion modules Linkages to other parts of IMAGE framework include available land for bio-energy production, emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants, and the use of land for bio-energy production.
Input/Output Table
Input Energy supply component
IMAGE model drivers and variables | Description | Source |
---|---|---|
Trade restriction | Trade tariffs and barriers limiting trade in energy carriers (in energy submodel). | Drivers |
Technology development of energy supply | Learning curves and exogenous learning that determine technology development. | Drivers |
Learning rate | Determines the rate of technology development in learning equations. | Drivers |
Energy resources | Volume of energy resource per carrier, region and supply cost class (determines depletion dynamics). | Drivers |
Land supply for bioenergy - grid | Land available for sustainable bioenergy production (abandoned agricultural land and non-forested land). | Land cover and land use |
Demand for primary energy | Total demand for energy production. Sum of final energy demand and energy inputs into energy conversion processes. | Energy conversion |
Potential bioenergy yield - grid | Potential yields of bioenergy crops. | Crops and grass |
External datasets | Description | Source |
---|---|---|
Initial production costs | The costs of energy conversion technologies at the start of the simulation. | Various sources |
Output Energy supply component
IMAGE model variables | Description | Use |
---|---|---|
Carbon storage price | The costs of capturing and storing CO2, affecting the use of CCS technology. | |
Marginal abatement cost | Cost of an additional unit of pollution abated (CO2eq). A marginal abatement cost curve (MAC curve) is a set of options available to an economy to reduce pollution, ranked from the lowest to highest additional costs. | |
Bioenergy production | Total bioenergy production. | |
Energy and industry activity level | Activity levels in the energy and industrial sector, per process and energy carrier, for example, the combustion of petrol for transport or the production of crude oil. | |
Primary energy price | The price of primary energy carriers based on production costs. | |
Energy security indicators | Indicators on the status of energy security, such as energy self-sufficiency. | Final output |
Total primary energy supply | Total primary energy supply. | Final output |