Land and biodiversity policies/Land-use regulation: Difference between revisions

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{{ZZ_PolicyResponsePartTemplate
{{PolicyResponsePartTemplate
|PageLabel=Targeting agricultural demand
|PageLabel=Land-use regulation
|Sequence=3
|Sequence=5
|Description=<h2>Interventions targeting the forestry sector</h2>
|Reference=UNEP-WCMC, 2008; Overmars et al., 2012;
{{DisplayFigureLeftOptimalTemplate|Flowchart LBP III}}<br clear="all"/>
}}<div class="page_standard">
<h2>Land-use regulation</h2>
Demand and production technology determine the overall demand for agricultural and forestry land. However, land-use patterns and agricultural areas may also be influenced by regulating the land area available for specific purposes. Land allocation can be restricted in several ways.
 
{{DisplayFigureLeftOptimalTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (D)}}
</div>
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Land-use planning
|Description={{DisplayFigureTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B)}}{{DisplayFigureTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (A)}}
Land-use planning directly affects the land-use pattern, which determines the impact on climate and biodiversity and could enhance the use of ecosystem functions. Measures, such as zoning plans and land registration, designate land areas to certain uses, including protected areas and natural corridors between designated agricultural land areas. The purpose of such natural corridors is to limit the impact on biodiversity of large agricultural areas and to connect individual spots rich in biodiversity. Restricting the land area for agriculture could affect land prices and prices of agricultural commodities thus reduce the relative costs of production factors, such as labour and capital, and other inputs. Such interventions may result in changes to the production system (Figure B) and the demand system (Figure A), and in impacts on biodiversity and climate.
|PISet=Implementation of land use planning;
}}
}}
{{ZZ PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Changing wood consumption
|Header=REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services
|Description=Interventions that target shifts in the consumption of forest products directly influence the demand for wood and, therefore, also affect the need to take forestry areas into production ([[PBL, 2010]]). This demand increase could be in industrial round wood or paper, but also in the use of wood as a traditional biomass. As a first-order effect, an intervention to change the demand for industrial products reduces all downstream effects of production proportionally. Exact data on the use of wood for traditional biomass as yet is unavailable, and estimates vary greatly, partly due to their varying focus on use or production. Those estimates range from approximately 1300 Mt/yr ([[FAO, 2013a]]) to approximately 2400 Mt/yr ([[IEA, 2012]]). Thus, a considerable part of the total wood use can be attributed to fuel wood. A decrease in the use of wood for traditional biomass has fewer direct impacts on the IMAGE biodiversity results than decreases in other uses, since only part of the production is harvested in industrial forestry activities (see [[Forest management]]). Large amounts of fuel wood are collected or produced on areas smaller than are included in the level of detail of the IMAGE framework, such as orchards or road sides. This implies that interventions related to this kind of use do not completely show up in biodiversity impacts.  
|Description={{DisplayFigureTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B)}}
|PISet=Sustainability criteria in bio-energy production;  
Some land uses that also provide ecosystem services could generate additional returns via REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services. Such payments would place a value on ecosystem services that do not have a market value at present and would then compete with other economic activities for the same land area. This intervention would restrict the land available for agriculture or forestry, which would affect land prices and reduce consumption. This could induce adaptations in the production system (Figure B), and consequently alter the impacts on biodiversity and climate at that level. The outcome of introducing payments for ecosystem services are currently most uncertain, as such schemes have not been applied frequently as yet.
|PISet=Avoiding deforestation; REDD policies;
}}
}}
{{ZZ PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Managing bio-energy demand
|Header=Expansion of bioreserves
|Description=Bio-energy demand will impact the demand for forestry products from the energy sector. The same effects as described under the shifts in consumption may also be expected here. The ultimate impact on biodiversity will depend on the sustainability criteria, the management practices, and the regions in which the wood will be harvested.  
|Description=Expansion of bio-reserves should increase biodiversity values, provided sites are well selected. The climate impact of these protection areas depends on the carbon content of the standing biomass. Most hot spots for biodiversity protection also have high carbon content ([[UNEP-WCMC, 2008]]). Furthermore, the impact of this intervention on agricultural production depends on the productivity level in these areas. Restricting the land area available for agriculture could affect land prices. Consequently, the same impacts as described under land-use planning could be expected. Expansion of bio-reserves has been analysed by PBL ([[PBL, 2010]]; [[PBL, 2012]]), and an evaluation of costs and CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions via {{abbrTemplate|REDD+}} schemes has been made by Overmars et al. ([[Overmars et al., 2012| 2012]]).
}}
|PISet=Enlarge protected areas;
{{ZZ PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Improving forest management
|Description=Improving forest management will impact the area needed to meet the demand as well as the impact of wood harvest on biodiversity loss. A system of Reduced Impact Logging ([[HasAcronym::RIL]]), which relates to several improvements that can be implemented within selective logging management, could reduce harvest damage, stimulate regrowth and maintain biodiversity ([[Putz et al., 2012]]). In addition, the establishment of dedicated wood plantations could decrease the size of the natural forest area needed for wood harvest, since wood productivity is higher in those plantation areas. However the biodiversity values of those areas are relatively low.
 
Agricultural expansion in forest areas results in wood harvest. Declining the rate of agricultural expansion, therefore, leads to fewer wood products and, thus, to an increase in the area needed for forestry in order to meet the wood demand ([[PBL, 2010]]); see [[Forest management]]). Options for alternative forest management have been evaluated in the report Rethinking Global Biodiversity Strategies ([[PBL, 2010]]).
|PISet=RIL techniques; Sustainable forest management;  
}}
}}
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Latest revision as of 10:51, 20 November 2018

link to framework components overview

Parts of Land and biodiversity policies/Land-use regulation

  1. Introduction page
  2. Agricultural demand
  3. Agricultural production system
  4. Forestry sector
  5. Land-use regulation
  6. Policy issues
  7. Data, uncertainties and limitations
  8. Overview of references
Relevant overviews
References

Land-use regulation

Demand and production technology determine the overall demand for agricultural and forestry land. However, land-use patterns and agricultural areas may also be influenced by regulating the land area available for specific purposes. Land allocation can be restricted in several ways.


Policy interventions in land-use regulation
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (D). Policy interventions that regulate land use and land supply.


Land-use planning

Policy interventions in the crop and livestock production systems
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B). Policy interventions in crop and livestock production systems.
Policy interventions in agricultural demand
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (A). Policy interventions in the agricultural demand system.

Land-use planning directly affects the land-use pattern, which determines the impact on climate and biodiversity and could enhance the use of ecosystem functions. Measures, such as zoning plans and land registration, designate land areas to certain uses, including protected areas and natural corridors between designated agricultural land areas. The purpose of such natural corridors is to limit the impact on biodiversity of large agricultural areas and to connect individual spots rich in biodiversity. Restricting the land area for agriculture could affect land prices and prices of agricultural commodities thus reduce the relative costs of production factors, such as labour and capital, and other inputs. Such interventions may result in changes to the production system (Figure B) and the demand system (Figure A), and in impacts on biodiversity and climate.

Table: Policy interventions Land-use planning
Policy interventionDescriptionImplemented in/affected component
Implementation of land use planning Application of zoning laws or cadastres, assigning areas to certain land uses.

(*) Implementing component.


REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services

Policy interventions in the crop and livestock production systems
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B). Policy interventions in crop and livestock production systems.

Some land uses that also provide ecosystem services could generate additional returns via REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services. Such payments would place a value on ecosystem services that do not have a market value at present and would then compete with other economic activities for the same land area. This intervention would restrict the land available for agriculture or forestry, which would affect land prices and reduce consumption. This could induce adaptations in the production system (Figure B), and consequently alter the impacts on biodiversity and climate at that level. The outcome of introducing payments for ecosystem services are currently most uncertain, as such schemes have not been applied frequently as yet.

Table: Policy interventions REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services
Policy interventionDescriptionImplemented in/affected component
Avoiding deforestation Here comes description
REDD policies The objective of REDD policies it to reduce land-use related emissions by protecting existing forests in the world; The implementation of REDD includes also costs of policies.

(*) Implementing component.


Expansion of bioreserves

Expansion of bio-reserves should increase biodiversity values, provided sites are well selected. The climate impact of these protection areas depends on the carbon content of the standing biomass. Most hot spots for biodiversity protection also have high carbon content (UNEP-WCMC, 2008). Furthermore, the impact of this intervention on agricultural production depends on the productivity level in these areas. Restricting the land area available for agriculture could affect land prices. Consequently, the same impacts as described under land-use planning could be expected. Expansion of bio-reserves has been analysed by PBL (PBL, 2010; PBL, 2012), and an evaluation of costs and CO2 emission reductions via REDD+ schemes has been made by Overmars et al. ( 2012).

Table: Policy interventions Expansion of bioreserves
Policy interventionDescriptionImplemented in/affected component
Enlarge protected areas Increase in areas with protected status, as well the size of the areas as the numer of parks.

(*) Implementing component.


  1. Introduction page
  2. Agricultural demand
  3. Agricultural production system
  4. Forestry sector
  5. Land-use regulation
  6. Policy issues
  7. Data, uncertainties and limitations
  8. Overview of references
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