Land and biodiversity policies/Land-use regulation: Difference between revisions

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|Reference=UNEP-WCMC, 2008; Overmars et al., 2012;
|Reference=UNEP-WCMC, 2008; Overmars et al., 2012;
|Description=<h2>Land-use regulation</h2>
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Demand and production technology determine the overall demand for agricultural and forestry land. However, land-use pattern and size of agricultural areas may also be influenced by regulating the amount of land available for certain purposes. The allocation of specific land uses can be influenced by restrictions imposed by land-use regulation, which can be implemented in several ways.  
<h2>Land-use regulation</h2>
{{DisplayFigureLeftOptimalTemplate|Flowchart LBP IV}}<br clear="all"/>
Demand and production technology determine the overall demand for agricultural and forestry land. However, land-use patterns and agricultural areas may also be influenced by regulating the land area available for specific purposes. Land allocation can be restricted in several ways.
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{{DisplayFigureLeftOptimalTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (D)}}
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{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Land-use planning
|Header=Land-use planning
|Description=Land-use planning, such as the application of zoning laws or cadastres, assign areas to certain land uses. This could include natural corridors that are interwoven with agricultural land use. The purpose, in this case, would be to limit the impact on biodiversity in large agricultural areas and to connect the individual spots that are rich in biodiversity. Land-use planning directly influences the land-use pattern, which in turn determines the impacts on climate and biodiversity and could enhance the use of available ecosystem functions. Restricting the availability of land for agriculture could affect land prices and, therefore, decrease the relative costs of other production factors, i.e. labour and capital, or other inputs. In this way, such an intervention may induce changes in the production system (figure B on the right) and in impacts on biodiversity and climate, also on that level.
|Description={{DisplayFigureTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B)}}{{DisplayFigureTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (A)}}
Land-use planning directly affects the land-use pattern, which determines the impact on climate and biodiversity and could enhance the use of ecosystem functions. Measures, such as zoning plans and land registration, designate land areas to certain uses, including protected areas and natural corridors between designated agricultural land areas. The purpose of such natural corridors is to limit the impact on biodiversity of large agricultural areas and to connect individual spots rich in biodiversity. Restricting the land area for agriculture could affect land prices and prices of agricultural commodities thus reduce the relative costs of production factors, such as labour and capital, and other inputs. Such interventions may result in changes to the production system (Figure B) and the demand system (Figure A), and in impacts on biodiversity and climate.
|PISet=Implementation of land use planning;
}}
}}
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Land-use regulation
|Header=REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services
|Description=Land-use regulation could also include economic instruments. In such cases, certain land uses that also provide ecosystem services could generate additional returns via [[HasAcronym::REDD+]] schemes or payments for ecosystem services. Such payments would place a value on ecosystem services that do not have a market value at the moment. These ecosystem services would then compete with other economic activities over the same piece of land. In this way, this intervention restricts the land available for agriculture or forestry, which will affect land prices and, therefore, decrease the relative costs of using any of the other production factors, i.e. labour and capital, or input, or reduce consumption. Adaptations in the production system can be induced in this way (figure B on the right), and consequently change the impacts on biodiversity and climate on that level. Compared to the other two interventions mentioned here, the outcome of this intervention, ultimately, will be the most uncertain for impacts on biodiversity and climate change, since the areas excluded from agriculture and the final land-use pattern are the result of individual decisions. Zoning could be a way to reduce this level of uncertainty.
|Description={{DisplayFigureTemplate|Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B)}}
Some land uses that also provide ecosystem services could generate additional returns via REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services. Such payments would place a value on ecosystem services that do not have a market value at present and would then compete with other economic activities for the same land area. This intervention would restrict the land available for agriculture or forestry, which would affect land prices and reduce consumption. This could induce adaptations in the production system (Figure B), and consequently alter the impacts on biodiversity and climate at that level. The outcome of introducing payments for ecosystem services are currently most uncertain, as such schemes have not been applied frequently as yet.
|PISet=Avoiding deforestation; REDD policies;
|PISet=Avoiding deforestation; REDD policies;
}}
}}
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
{{PolicyInterventionSetTemplate
|Header=Expansion of bio-reserves
|Header=Expansion of bioreserves
|Description=Expansion of bio-reserves should result in higher biodiversity values, if their locations are carefully chosen. The impact on climate resulting from the protection of those areas depends on the carbon content of the standing biomass. Most of the hot spots for biodiversity protection also have a high carbon content ([[UNEP-WCMC, 2008]]). The impact of this intervention on agricultural production depends on the productivity level in these areas. Restricting the amount of land available for agriculture could affect land prices. Consequently, the same impacts as described in land-use planning could be expected.
|Description=Expansion of bio-reserves should increase biodiversity values, provided sites are well selected. The climate impact of these protection areas depends on the carbon content of the standing biomass. Most hot spots for biodiversity protection also have high carbon content ([[UNEP-WCMC, 2008]]). Furthermore, the impact of this intervention on agricultural production depends on the productivity level in these areas. Restricting the land area available for agriculture could affect land prices. Consequently, the same impacts as described under land-use planning could be expected. Expansion of bio-reserves has been analysed by PBL ([[PBL, 2010]]; [[PBL, 2012]]), and an evaluation of costs and CO<sub>2</sub> emission reductions via {{abbrTemplate|REDD+}} schemes has been made by Overmars et al. ([[Overmars et al., 2012| 2012]]).
|PISet=Enlarge protected areas;
Expansion of bio-reserves has been analysed in several PBL reports ([[PBL, 2010]]; [[PBL, 2012]]). An evaluation of costs and CO2 emission reductions via [[HasAcronym::REDD+]] schemes can be found in [[Overmars et al., 2012]].
}}
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Latest revision as of 10:51, 20 November 2018

link to framework components overview

Parts of Land and biodiversity policies/Land-use regulation

  1. Introduction page
  2. Agricultural demand
  3. Agricultural production system
  4. Forestry sector
  5. Land-use regulation
  6. Policy issues
  7. Data, uncertainties and limitations
  8. Overview of references
Relevant overviews
References

Land-use regulation

Demand and production technology determine the overall demand for agricultural and forestry land. However, land-use patterns and agricultural areas may also be influenced by regulating the land area available for specific purposes. Land allocation can be restricted in several ways.


Policy interventions in land-use regulation
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (D). Policy interventions that regulate land use and land supply.


Land-use planning

Policy interventions in the crop and livestock production systems
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B). Policy interventions in crop and livestock production systems.
Policy interventions in agricultural demand
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (A). Policy interventions in the agricultural demand system.

Land-use planning directly affects the land-use pattern, which determines the impact on climate and biodiversity and could enhance the use of ecosystem functions. Measures, such as zoning plans and land registration, designate land areas to certain uses, including protected areas and natural corridors between designated agricultural land areas. The purpose of such natural corridors is to limit the impact on biodiversity of large agricultural areas and to connect individual spots rich in biodiversity. Restricting the land area for agriculture could affect land prices and prices of agricultural commodities thus reduce the relative costs of production factors, such as labour and capital, and other inputs. Such interventions may result in changes to the production system (Figure B) and the demand system (Figure A), and in impacts on biodiversity and climate.

Table: Policy interventions Land-use planning
Policy interventionDescriptionImplemented in/affected component
Implementation of land use planning Application of zoning laws or cadastres, assigning areas to certain land uses.

(*) Implementing component.


REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services

Policy interventions in the crop and livestock production systems
Flowchart Land and biodiversity policies (B). Policy interventions in crop and livestock production systems.

Some land uses that also provide ecosystem services could generate additional returns via REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services. Such payments would place a value on ecosystem services that do not have a market value at present and would then compete with other economic activities for the same land area. This intervention would restrict the land available for agriculture or forestry, which would affect land prices and reduce consumption. This could induce adaptations in the production system (Figure B), and consequently alter the impacts on biodiversity and climate at that level. The outcome of introducing payments for ecosystem services are currently most uncertain, as such schemes have not been applied frequently as yet.

Table: Policy interventions REDD+ schemes or payments for ecosystem services
Policy interventionDescriptionImplemented in/affected component
Avoiding deforestation Here comes description
REDD policies The objective of REDD policies it to reduce land-use related emissions by protecting existing forests in the world; The implementation of REDD includes also costs of policies.

(*) Implementing component.


Expansion of bioreserves

Expansion of bio-reserves should increase biodiversity values, provided sites are well selected. The climate impact of these protection areas depends on the carbon content of the standing biomass. Most hot spots for biodiversity protection also have high carbon content (UNEP-WCMC, 2008). Furthermore, the impact of this intervention on agricultural production depends on the productivity level in these areas. Restricting the land area available for agriculture could affect land prices. Consequently, the same impacts as described under land-use planning could be expected. Expansion of bio-reserves has been analysed by PBL (PBL, 2010; PBL, 2012), and an evaluation of costs and CO2 emission reductions via REDD+ schemes has been made by Overmars et al. ( 2012).

Table: Policy interventions Expansion of bioreserves
Policy interventionDescriptionImplemented in/affected component
Enlarge protected areas Increase in areas with protected status, as well the size of the areas as the numer of parks.

(*) Implementing component.


  1. Introduction page
  2. Agricultural demand
  3. Agricultural production system
  4. Forestry sector
  5. Land-use regulation
  6. Policy issues
  7. Data, uncertainties and limitations
  8. Overview of references
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