Forest management: Difference between revisions
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{{ComponentTemplate2 | {{ComponentTemplate2 | ||
|IMAGEComponent=Scenario drivers; Agricultural systems; Natural vegetation and carbon cycle | |IMAGEComponent=Scenario drivers; Agricultural systems; Natural vegetation and carbon cycle | ||
|InputVar=Timber demand; Demand for traditional biomass; Fraction of traditional biomass coming from non-forested land; Carbon pools in vegetation - grid; Fraction selective cut;; Harvest efficiency; Suitability; Land cover, land use - grid; | |InputVar=Timber demand; Demand for traditional biomass; Fraction of traditional biomass coming from non-forested land; Carbon pools in vegetation - grid; Fraction selective cut;; Harvest efficiency; Suitability; Land cover, land use - grid; | ||
FAO deforestation rates; Demand for Forest plantations; | FAO deforestation rates; Demand for Forest plantations; | ||
|OutputVar=Timber use fraction; Harvested wood, divided over the 3 timber types - grid; Forest residues that remain in forest grid; Forest management type - grid; Area Regrowth forest - grid; Area degraded forest -grid | |OutputVar=Timber use fraction; Harvested wood, divided over the 3 timber types - grid; Forest residues that remain in forest grid; Forest management type - grid; Area Regrowth forest - grid; Area degraded forest -grid | ||
|Description= | |Description==== Global context === | ||
Global context | |||
The world’s total forest area in 2010 is estimated to be just over 40 million km2. In addition there is about 10 million km2 of ‘forested land’(FAO, 2010). These forest resources ares used by man for a multitude of purposes, such as timber, fuel, food, water and other forest related goods and services. Notwithstanding the undisputed market and non-market value of forests, the area of forests still declines worldwide, with distinct differences over world regions. Total global deforestation has decreased in the last decade, but still occurs at significant scale in large parts of Latin-America, Africa and South East Asia. At the same time net forest expansion takes place in other regions such as Europe and China. The main pressure driving deforestation is agricultural expansion. In addition to the loss of forest area, degradation processes and declining supply of services may occur as a result of human use of forests. Managing the global forest resource in a sustainable way may help to preserve forests, reduce or revert the degradation process, and simultaneously conserve the services like biodiversity and carbon stocks within forests (FAO, 2010). | The world’s total forest area in 2010 is estimated to be just over 40 million km2. In addition there is about 10 million km2 of ‘forested land’(FAO, 2010). These forest resources ares used by man for a multitude of purposes, such as timber, fuel, food, water and other forest related goods and services. Notwithstanding the undisputed market and non-market value of forests, the area of forests still declines worldwide, with distinct differences over world regions. Total global deforestation has decreased in the last decade, but still occurs at significant scale in large parts of Latin-America, Africa and South East Asia. At the same time net forest expansion takes place in other regions such as Europe and China. The main pressure driving deforestation is agricultural expansion. In addition to the loss of forest area, degradation processes and declining supply of services may occur as a result of human use of forests. Managing the global forest resource in a sustainable way may help to preserve forests, reduce or revert the degradation process, and simultaneously conserve the services like biodiversity and carbon stocks within forests (FAO, 2010). | ||
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Forestry in the IMAGE 3.0 model | === Forestry in the IMAGE 3.0 model === | ||
Because of the importance of forest management for the functioning and state of forests, its modelling has become an important and integral part of the IMAGE 3.0 model. Three types of forest management systems are defined in IMAGE 3.0 as a simplification of the whole range of possible management systems (Carle and Holmgren, 2008; Arets et al., 2011). The purpose of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is to preserve the forests, their production capacity and biodiversity for future generations, and to counteract forest degradation processes. In IMAGE, several elements of SFM are included when defining policy options , e.g. consisting of shifts in the mix of forestry management systems. | Because of the importance of forest management for the functioning and state of forests, its modelling has become an important and integral part of the IMAGE 3.0 model. Three types of forest management systems are defined in IMAGE 3.0 as a simplification of the whole range of possible management systems (Carle and Holmgren, 2008; Arets et al., 2011). The purpose of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is to preserve the forests, their production capacity and biodiversity for future generations, and to counteract forest degradation processes. In IMAGE, several elements of SFM are included when defining policy options , e.g. consisting of shifts in the mix of forestry management systems. | ||
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Secondly, selective logging is a system in which only the trees with the most economical value are felled. This is more common in tropical forests with high heterogeneity of tree species. Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) is an ecological variant of selective logging, aiming to reduce harvest damage, stimulate regrowth and maintain biodiversity (Putz et al., 2012). As such, the RIL system is a more ecological sustainable forestry system and is promoted under SFM-schemes. | Secondly, selective logging is a system in which only the trees with the most economical value are felled. This is more common in tropical forests with high heterogeneity of tree species. Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) is an ecological variant of selective logging, aiming to reduce harvest damage, stimulate regrowth and maintain biodiversity (Putz et al., 2012). As such, the RIL system is a more ecological sustainable forestry system and is promoted under SFM-schemes. | ||
The third system is the plantation and management of wood plantation, like hardwood plantations in the tropics and eucalyptus plantations in temperate regions. Selected tree species, either endemic or exotic to the area, are planted and managed more intensively –for example through irrigation and fertilizer use- to maximize production and/or wood quality. After the trees are harvested new ones are planted, and management is put in place . Wood plantations have generally a high productivity, but need to be established on available suitable land (Del Lungo et al., 2006). By producing more wood and other products on less land, plantations may help in Sustainable Forest Management by reducing the pressures on natural forests (Carle and Homgren, 2008, Alkemade et al, 2009). At the same time, the ecological value of/biodiversity in many forest plantations is relatively low (Hartman et al, 2010). | The third system is the plantation and management of wood plantation, like hardwood plantations in the tropics and eucalyptus plantations in temperate regions. Selected tree species, either endemic or exotic to the area, are planted and managed more intensively –for example through irrigation and fertilizer use- to maximize production and/or wood quality. After the trees are harvested new ones are planted, and management is put in place . Wood plantations have generally a high productivity, but need to be established on available suitable land (Del Lungo et al., 2006). By producing more wood and other products on less land, plantations may help in Sustainable Forest Management by reducing the pressures on natural forests (Carle and Homgren, 2008, Alkemade et al, 2009). At the same time, the ecological value of/biodiversity in many forest plantations is relatively low (Hartman et al, 2010). | ||
|ComponentCode=FM | |ComponentCode=FM | ||
|AggregatedComponent=Agriculture and land use | |AggregatedComponent=Agriculture and land use | ||
|FrameworkElementType=pressure component | |FrameworkElementType=pressure component | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 15:41, 25 March 2014
Parts of Forest management
| Component is implemented in: |
| Components: |
| Related IMAGE components |
| Projects/Applications |
| Key publications |
| References |
Key policy issues
- How can management influence forest capacity to meet future demand for wood and other ecosystem services?
- What are the implications of forest management for pristine and managed forest areas, and on biomass and carbon stocks and fluxes of relevance for climate policy?
- What are the prospects for more sustainable forest management and the role of production in dedicated forest plantations?