Property:HasEffectDescription
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This is a property of type Text.
I
An intensification of livestock systems decreases the average area needed per animal (in land using livestock systems) +
Generally leads to a reduction of overall emissions (e.g. CH<sub>4</sub>) and reduction of overall nutrient excretion; however, it will generally also lead to an increase of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from manure storage and spreading of manure +
An intensification of livestock systems decreases the average area needed per animal (in land using livestock systems) +
An intensification of livestock systems decreases the average area needed per animal (in land using livestock systems) +
Generally leads to a reduction of overall emissions (e.g. CH<sub>4</sub>) and reduction of overall nutrient excretion; however, it will generally also lead to an increase of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from manure storage and spreading of manure +
M
Sustainable forest management has an effect on the C storage in vegetation and soil of forests, and it enhances the net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by the forests (as degradation is avoided). +
Because forests might supply less timber, more sustainable forest management lead to more forests to be used throughout the world (assuming no change in demand). +
N
Reduces production of emission-intensive agricultural products and impacts consumption and trade-flows. +
P
Production targets force a conversion technology to convert energy, even though this is not economically attractive. If the learning rate of that technology depends on the amount of converted energy, the learning rate will increase. +
Reduces demand for bio-energy. +
Reduces indoor air pollution. This reduces child mortality due to lower incidence of pneumonia +
R
Increases the cost for land expansion in certain regions, favouring the use of other external inputs to increase production. +
REDD measures can substantially reduce the pressure on forests. This increases the extent of natural forests, and the net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and C pools of forests. +
Less emissions due to deforestation and land-use change. +
Reduction in losses and/or waste decrease the demand for agricultural commodities and consequently production. +
The reduced need for production decreases the need for agricultural area. +
The reduced need for agricultural area decreases habitat loss or could even result in an increased natural area. +
The pledges affect near-term regional emission reductions, thereby influencing mitigation costs. +
Less fuel trade will result in a change in fuel prices and availability. As a result, the amount of conversion capacity can increase or decrease. +
Less fuel trade will result in a change in fuel prices and availability. +