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This page provides a simple browsing interface for finding entities described by a property and a named value. Other available search interfaces include the page property search, and the ask query builder.

List of results

• Emission trading policy#EffectOnClimate policy  + (Different rules for trading emission credi … Different rules for trading emission credits lead to different regional mitigation costs. Without any restrictions on emission trading, emission reductions take place wherever it is cheapest to do so and the differences between regional targets and actual domestic emissions is traded among regions.omestic emissions is traded among regions.)
• Agricultural trade policies#EffectOnLand-use allocation  + (Due to changed production in agricultural commodities, land use for agriculture within a region will change.)
• Changes in crop and livestock production systems#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Effect of this bunch of interventions is a … Effect of this bunch of interventions is a change in the relation between the use of external inputs (capital), land and labour. For livestock systems the intervention can result in the use of more feed instead of grazing. For cropping systems it could, for example, express the use of more fertilizer to increase yields (closing the yield gap).o increase yields (closing the yield gap).)
• Change in grazing intensity#EffectOnTerrestrial biodiversity  + (Effects biodiversity in two ways: less grazing areas decrease the impact on habitats, while more intensive management or increased grazing intensity icnreases the pressures on biodiversity of the remaining areas.)
• Improving energy efficiency#EffectOnEnergy supply  + (Efficiency improvements result in a decreased energy demand, resulting in less need for energy supply.)
• Improving energy efficiency#EffectOnEnergy conversion  + (Efficiency improvements result in less energy input at an equal energy output of conversion technologies. This results in a lower need for conversion capacity.)
• Enlarge protected areas#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Expansion of protected areas decreases the available area for agriculture in certain regions.)
• Intensification/extensification of livestock systems#EffectOnNutrients  + (Generally leads to a reduction of overall emissions (e.g. CH₄) and reduction of overall nutrient excretion; however, it will generally also lead to an increase of ammonia (NH₃) emissions from manure storage and spreading of manure)
• Intensification or extensification of livestock systems#EffectOnNutrients  + (Generally leads to a reduction of overall emissions (e.g. CH₄) and reduction of overall nutrient excretion; however, it will generally also lead to an increase of ammonia (NH₃) emissions from manure storage and spreading of manure)
• Closing the yield gap#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Higher yields reduce the need for agricultural land and usually lower the price of food commodities.)
• Improved irrigation efficiency#EffectOnWater  + (If irrigated area is not expanded, improving the irrigation efficiency on a large scale will decrease irrigation water withdrawals for irrigation. This means that water availability downstream will increase and water stress will get lower.)
• Agricultural trade policies#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Impact of this policy intervention is a change in trade between regions, and consequently a change in production within a region for the different crop and livestock sectors.)
• Changes in crop and livestock production systems#EffectOnTerrestrial biodiversity  + (Impacts terrestrial biodiversity in two ways: 1) a smaller agricultural area decrease habitat loss and 2) it increase intensity of the agricultural area and consequently the biodiversity value of those areas.)
• Financing climate policy#EffectOnClimate policy  + (Implementation of climate financing proposals affect regional mitigation costs, as regions have to contribute to financing. The funds mobilised can be used to finance climate policies of the least developed regions.)
• Improved rainwater management#EffectOnWater  + (Improved rainwater management will lead to … Improved rainwater management will lead to more efficient use of rainwater over the year and therefore a better fullfillment of crop water requirements. Further it will lead to more efficient use of the soil moisture because of a decrease in evaporative losses from bare soil. Both measures lead to increased yields of rainfed agriculture.o increased yields of rainfed agriculture.)
• Carbon tax#EffectOnClimate policy  + (In the climate policy component, the carbon tax leads to emission reductions via Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) curves derived from the TIMER model.)
• Changes in crop and livestock production systems#EffectOnEcosystem services  + (Increase intensity of the agricultural are … Increase intensity of the agricultural area, reduces nature on agricultural area thereby negatively influencing the ES dependent of nature (e.g. flood and erosion protection, pest control and pollination). While systems like organic farming contain more nature on agricultural areas and thereby positively influencing ES.eas and thereby positively influencing ES.)
• Increase access to food#EffectOnHuman development  + (Increases food security, thereby reducing … Increases food security, thereby reducing child underweight. This in turn reduces child mortality as lower levels of child underweight result in a lower incidence of diarrhoea and pneumonia and a lower case fatality of malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia and protein energy deficiencya, pneumonia and protein energy deficiency)
• Closing the yield gap#EffectOnHuman development  + (Increases food security, thereby reducing … Increases food security, thereby reducing child underweight. This in turn reduces child mortality as lower levels of child underweight result in a lower incidence of diarrhoea and pneumonia and a lower case fatality of malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia and protein energy deficiencya, pneumonia and protein energy deficiency)
• REDD policies#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Increases the cost for land expansion in certain regions, favouring the use of other external inputs to increase production.)
• Increase natural carbon storage#EffectOnEcosystem services  + (Increasing carbon storage will increase the supply of the ES "carbon sequestration" and "erosion prevention")
• Change in grazing intensity#EffectOnLivestock systems  + (Increasing grazing intensity has no consequences for the livestock if not combined with introduction of better breeds)
• Changes in crop and livestock production systems#EffectOnWater  + (Increasing the productivity of crops by co … Increasing the productivity of crops by converting rainfed to irrigated agriculture will have an effect on the irrigation water demand in the region. Extracting more water for irrigation will have an effect on downstream water availability and can increase water stress in the region.d can increase water stress in the region.)
• Increased storage capacity#EffectOnWater  + (Increasing the storage capacity of reservo … Increasing the storage capacity of reservoirs will lead to a reduction in streamflow variability and an increase in the amount of water stored in the river system. In basins that have a very variable flow regime, a storage reservoir can increase the water availability for irrigation during dry periods.ability for irrigation during dry periods.)
• Carbon tax#EffectOnHuman development  + (Induces a transition from carbon intensive … Induces a transition from carbon intensive fuels to carbon low fuels, thereby also lowering outdoor air pollution. Lower air pollution reduces mortality rates through reduced incidence of lung cancer, cardiopulmonary diseases and acute respiratory infections diseases and acute respiratory infections)

• REDD policies#EffectOnEmissions  + (Less emissions due to deforestation and land-use change.)

• Restrictions on fuel trade#EffectOnEnergy conversion  + (Less fuel trade will result in a change in fuel prices and availability. As a result, the amount of conversion capacity can increase or decrease.)
• Restrictions on fuel trade#EffectOnEnergy supply  + (Less fuel trade will result in a change in fuel prices and availability.)
• Enlarge protected areas#EffectOnAquatic biodiversity  + (Lower pressure from agricultural impacts in protected area regions. Outside protected areas this pressure may increase.)
• Capacity targets#EffectOnEnergy conversion  + (Manually changing the generation capacity will result in a transition towards using more or less capacity of the selected generation type.)
• Climate change adaptation#EffectOnClimate policy  + (More adaptation increases adaptation costs, but reduces the damage resulting from climate change.)
• Improving energy efficiency#EffectOnEnergy demand  + (More efficient use of final energy, change in end use technologies, which leads to lower energy demand.)
• Change in grazing intensity#EffectOnLand-use allocation  + (More intensive grassland management decrease the area needed for grassland, while producing the same amount of grass and/or feeding the same size of livestock.)
• Enlarge protected areas#EffectOnTerrestrial biodiversity  + (No pressure from agricultural land use in protected areas. Outside protected areas this pressure may increase.)
• Implementation of biofuel targets#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Obligatory biofuel blending increases the … Obligatory biofuel blending increases the demand for biofuel crops, e.g. maize and oil crops, which causes higher prices. Secondly, production will be increased and/or demand for food will decrease, due to these higher prices. Production can be increased by increasing external inputs, labour or land expansion.external inputs, labour or land expansion.)
• Changes in crop and livestock production systems#EffectOnAquatic biodiversity  + (On one hand the increase of productivity increases nutrient leaching to water bodies, on the other hand a smaller agricultural area is needed, reducing the pressures from agriculture.)
• Production targets for energy technologies#EffectOnEnergy conversion  + (Production targets force a conversion technology to convert energy, even though this is not economically attractive. If the learning rate of that technology depends on the amount of converted energy, the learning rate will increase.)
• REDD policies#EffectOnCarbon cycle and natural vegetation  + (REDD measures can substantially reduce the pressure on forests. This increases the extent of natural forests, and the net CO₂ uptake and C pools of forests.)
• Expanding Reduced Impact Logging#EffectOnCarbon cycle and natural vegetation  + (RIL can change the volume of the C pools in the soil and vegetation pools and reduces the human induced land-use change emissions.)
• Expanding Reduced Impact Logging#EffectOnForest management  + (RIL leads to lower loss of biodiversity in forest areas, and it can have impacts on C pools and fluxes as less residues are produced per unit harvested wood product.)
• Afforestation policies#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Reduces agricultural land use in regions with cost-optimal afforestation leading to higher food prices, lower food availability and changes in trade.)
• Afforestation policies#EffectOnCarbon cycle and natural vegetation  + (Reduces agricultural land use in regions with cost-optimal afforestation leading to higher food prices, lower food availability and changes in trade.)
• Improve quality of access#EffectOnHuman development  + (Reduces child mortality by lowering the incidence of diarrhoea and pneumonia)
• Increase access to water#EffectOnHuman development  + (Reduces child mortality by lowering the incidence of diarrhoea)
• Provision on improved stoves for traditional bio-energy#EffectOnEnergy demand  + (Reduces demand for bio-energy.)
• Subsidies on modern energy#EffectOnHuman development  + (Reduces indoor air pollution. This reduces child motality due to lower incidence of pneumonia)
• Provision on improved stoves for traditional bio-energy#EffectOnHuman development  + (Reduces indoor air pollution. This reduces child mortality due to lower incidence of pneumonia)
• Non-CO2 taxation policies#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Reduces production of emission-intensive agricultural products and impacts consumption and trade-flows.)
• Subsidies on modern energy#EffectOnEnergy demand  + (Reduces traditional energy use, while increasing modern energy use.)
• Reduction of waste/losses#EffectOnAgricultural economy  + (Reduction in losses and/or waste decrease the demand for agricultural commodities and consequently production.)
• Implementation of sustainability criteria in bio-energy production#EffectOnTerrestrial biodiversity  + (Sustainability criteria limit the use of land for bio-energy cultivation and therefore reduce pressures on biodiversity from climate policies (via bio-energy production).)