Energy conversion: Difference between revisions

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{{ComponentTemplate2
{{ComponentTemplate2
|Status=Publishable
|ComponentCode=EC
|ComponentCode=EC
|MainComponent=Energy supply and demand
|MainComponent=Energy supply and demand
|FrameworkElementType=model component
|Status=Publishable
|Application=Resource Efficiency
|Application=Resource Efficiency
|IMAGEComponent=Energy supply and demand; Energy demand; Energy supply; Land use allocation-Agricultural systems; Climate policy; Drivers;
|IMAGEComponent=Energy supply and demand; Energy demand; Energy supply; Land use allocation-Agricultural systems; Climate policy; Drivers;
|KeyReference=Hoogwijk et al., 2007; Hendriks et al., 2004;
|KeyReference=Hoogwijk et al., 2007; Hendriks et al., 2004;
|InputVar=Technology development; Energy policies; Air pollution policies; Demand for electricity and hydrogen; Primary energy price; Carbon storage cost; Carbon price;
|InputVar=Technology development; Energy policies; Air pollution policies; Demand for electricity and hydrogen; Primary energy price; Carbon storage cost; Carbon price;
|Parameter=Initial technology cost; Rules on use technologies;  
|OutputVar=Electricity price; Demand for primary energy; CO2 stored; Activity level;
|OutputVar=Electricity price; Demand for primary energy; CO2 stored; Activity level;  
|Parameter=Initial technology cost; Rules on use technologies;
|FrameworkElementType=model component
|Description=Energy from primary sources often is first converted into secondary energy carriers that are more easily accessible for  final consumption. Examples of such conversion processes relate to the production of electricity and hydrogen, oil products from crude oil in refineries, and the production of fuels from biomass. Electricity (and in the future possibly also hydrogen) is produced by the conversion of primary energy carriers, such as fossil fuels, fissile materials (uranium), and various renewable energy sources. Studies on transitions towards more sustainable energy systems tend to show the importance of these conversions for the future.  
|Description=Primary energy sources are usually converted into more easily useable secondary energy carriers before they are used. Examples of such conversion processes are the production of electricity and hydrogen, but also the production of oil products from crude oil in refineries, and the production of final energy carriers from biomass. Historically, it can be noted that an increasing fraction of energy use is converted in complex processes, such as power and hydrogen production. This trend is driven by changes in the demand for energy services (e.g. more use of appliances), but also by the relatively ease of electricity for several end-use services. Both electricity and hydrogen are produced by the conversion of primary energy carriers such as fossil fuels, fissile materials (uranium), and the various renewable energy sources. Studies on transitions towards more sustainable energy systems tend to show the importance of these sectors. Key policy questions are:
 
* What role can the energy conversion sector (in particular the power sector) play in achieving a more sustainable energy system?
In two steps, the conversion models in the IMAGE Energy model simulate the choices made between input energy carriers. In the first step, at the level of newly added capital, investment decisions are made on the future generation mix. In the second step, the actual operationuse of the capacity in place  depends on a set of model rules  that determine how  often the different types of power plants are used. and for what purpose (baseload/peakload). The discussion here concentrates on the production of electricity and hydrogen. Other conversion processes are relatively simple, as they mostly convert energy from a single primary source to one secondary energy carrier; these are therefore discussed in the [[Energy supply|primary energy (sub)model]].
* What is the role of individual technologies such as [[hasAcronym::CCS]], nuclear power and renewables?
 


In the conversion models in the IMAGE Energy model, the conversion models simulate the choice between energy carriers in two steps. First, at the level of newly built capital decisions are made on the future generation mix. Second, in the actual production of electricity the installed capacity is used best on rules that determine the operational strategy. In the discussion, here, we concentrate on the production of electricity and hydrogen. The main reason is that the other conversion processes mostly relate one single primary energy source to a secondary energy carrier. These processes are therefore dealt with in the relevant primary energy model.
|Flowchart=FlowDiagramElectrictyModel.png
|Flowchart=FlowDiagramElectrictyModel.png
|CaptionText=Flow diagram Elecricity Model
|CaptionText=Flow diagram Elecricity Model
|AltText=Flow diagram Elecricity Model
|AltText=Flow diagram Elecricity Model
}}
}}

Revision as of 12:42, 18 November 2013

Link to framework components overview

Parts of Energy conversion

  1. Introduction page
  2. Model description
  3. Policy issues
  4. Data, uncertainty and limitations
  5. Overview of references
Component is implemented in:
Aggregated component:Components:
Related IMAGE components
Projects/Applications
Models/Databases
Key publications
TIMER model, electricity module
Flowchart Energy conversion. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.

Key policy issues

  • What is the potential role of energy conversion sector, particularly in power production, in achieving a more sustainable energy system?
  • What are the potential roles of individual technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), nuclear power, hydrogen and renewable energy?

Introduction

"model component" is not in the list (driver component, pressure component, interaction component, state component, impact component, response component) of allowed values for the "FrameworkElementType" property.

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