Variable overview
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Drivers
Variable | Model driver group | Is_used_in | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Sector value added | Economic development | Energy supply and demand Energy demand | Value Added for economic sectors: Industry (IVA), Services (SVA) and Agriculture (AVA). These variables are used in IMAGE to indicate economic activity. |
GDP per capita | Economic development | Energy supply and demand Agricultural economy Climate policy Emissions Energy demand Human development | Gross Domestic Product per capita, measured as the market value of all goods and services produced in a region in a year, and is used in the IMAGE framework as a generic indicator of economic activity. |
Labour supply | Economic development | Agricultural economy | Effective supply of labour input to support economic activities, taking into account the participation rate of age cohorts. |
Capital supply | Economic development | Agricultural economy | Capital available to replace depreciated stock and expand the stock to support economic growth. |
GDP per capita - grid | Economic development | Ecosystem services Nutrients Flood risks | Scaled down GDP per capita from country to grid level, based on population density. |
Private consumption | Economic development | Energy supply and demand Energy demand | Private consumption reflects expenditure on private household consumption. It is used in IMAGE as a driver of energy. |
GINI coefficient | Economic development | Human development | Measure of income disparity in a population. If all have the same income, GINI equals 1. The lower the GINI, the wider the gap between the lowest and highest income groups. |
Timber demand | Economic development | Forest management | Demand for roundwood and pulpwood per region. |
Energy resources | Energy and land resources | Energy supply and demand Energy supply | Volume of energy resource per carrier, region and supply cost class (determines depletion dynamics). |
Built-up area - grid | Energy and land resources | Land cover and land use | Urban built-up area per grid cell, excluded from all biophysical modelling in IMAGE, increasing over time as a function of urban population and a country- and scenario-specific urban density curve. |
Air pollution policy | Environmental and other policies | Energy conversion | Air pollution policies set to reach emission reduction targets, represented in the model in the form of energy carrier and sector specific emission factors. |
Biofuel policy | Environmental and other policies | Agricultural economy | Policies to foster the use of biofuels in transport, such as financial incentives and biofuel mandates and obligations. |
Taxes and other additional costs | Environmental and other policies | Energy demand | Taxes on energy use, and other additional costs |
Adaptation level | Environmental and other policies | Climate policy | Level of adaptation to climate change , defined as the share of climate change damage avoided by adaptation. This level is be calculated by the model to minimise adaptation costs and residual damage, or set by the user. |
Energy policy | Environmental and other policies | Energy conversion | Policy to achieve energy system objectives, such as energy security and energy access. |
Climate target | Environmental and other policies | Climate policy | Climate target, defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature targets, or cumulative emissions. |
Protected area - grid | Environmental and other policies | Land-use allocation Land cover and land use Terrestrial biodiversity Ecosystem services | Map of protected nature areas, limiting use of this area. |
Domestic climate policy | Environmental and other policies | Climate policy | Planned and/or implemented national climate and energy policies, such as taxes, feed-in tariffs, renewable targets, efficiency standards, that affect projected emission reduction. |
Equity principles | Environmental and other policies | Climate policy | General concepts of distributive justice or fairness used in effort sharing approaches. Three key equity principles are: Responsibility (historical contribution to warming); capability (ability to pay for mitigation); and equality (equal emissions allowances per capita). |
Preferences | Lifestyle parameters | Energy demand | Non-price factors determining market shares, such as preferences, environmental policies, infrastructure and strategic considerations, used for model calibration. |
Lifestyle parameters | Lifestyle parameters | Energy supply and demand Energy demand | Lifestyle parameters influence the relationship between economic activities and demand for energy. |
Urban population fraction | Population projections | Human development | Urban/rural split of population. |
Population - grid | Population projections | Land-use allocation Nutrients Human development Flood risks | Number of people per gridcell (using downscaling). |
Population | Population projections | Energy supply and demand Agricultural economy Climate policy Energy demand | Number of people per region. |
Fertiliser use efficiency | Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Nutrients | Ratio of fertiliser uptake by a crop to fertiliser applied. |
Fraction of selective logging | Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Forest management | The fraction of forest harvested in a grid, in clear cutting, selective cutting, wood plantations and additional deforestation. Fraction of selective cut determines the fraction of timber harvested by selective cutting of trees in semi-natural and natural forest. |
Feed conversion | Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Livestock systems | Measure of an animal's efficiency in converting feed mass into the desired output such as meat and milk (for cattle, poultry, pigs, sheep and goats). |
Technological change (crops and livestocks) | Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Agricultural economy | Increase in productivity in crop production (yield/ha) and livestock production (carcass weight, offtake rate). |
Forest plantation demand | Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Forest management | Demand for forest plantation area. |
Increase in irrigated area - grid | Technological change in agriculture and forestry | Land-use allocation | Increase in irrigated area, often based on external projections (e.g., FAO). |
... further results |