SandBox

Variabelen van Atmospheric composition and climate modelling

Variabele	Description	source	reference
Adaptation level	Level of adaptation to climate change , defined as the share of climate change damage avoided by adaptation. This level is be calculated by the model to minimise adaptation costs and residual damage, or set by the user.
Air pollution policy	Air pollution policies set to reach emission reduction targets, represented in the model in the form of energy carrier and sector specific emission factors.	EDGAR database
Animal productivity	Effective production of livestock commodities per animal per year.	FAOSTAT database
Biofuel policy	Policies to foster the use of biofuels in transport, such as financial incentives and biofuel mandates and obligations.
Built-up area - grid	Urban built-up area per grid cell, excluded from all biophysical modelling in IMAGE, increasing over time as a function of urban population and a country- and scenario-specific urban density curve.		Klein Goldewijk et al., 2010
Capital supply	Capital available to replace depreciated stock and expand the stock to support economic growth.	GTAP database
Climate target	Climate target, defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature targets, or cumulative emissions.
Domestic climate policy	Planned and/or implemented national climate and energy policies, such as taxes, feed-in tariffs, renewable targets, efficiency standards, that affect projected emission reduction.
Energy efficiency technology	Model assumptions determining future development of energy efficiency.
Energy intensity parameters	Set of parameters determining the energy use per unit of economic activity (in absence of technical energy efficiency improvements).	IEA
Energy policy	Policy to achieve energy system objectives, such as energy security and energy access.
Energy resources	Volume of energy resource per carrier, region and supply cost class (determines depletion dynamics).		Mulders et al., 2006 Rogner, 1997
Equity principles	General concepts of distributive justice or fairness used in effort sharing approaches. Three key equity principles are: Responsibility (historical contribution to warming); capability (ability to pay for mitigation); and equality (equal emissions allowances per capita).
Feed conversion	Measure of an animal's efficiency in converting feed mass into the desired output such as meat and milk (for cattle, poultry, pigs, sheep and goats).	FAOSTAT database
Fertiliser use efficiency	Ratio of fertiliser uptake by a crop to fertiliser applied.	FAOSTAT database	Bouwman et al., 2013b
Forest plantation demand	Demand for forest plantation area.	FAOSTAT database
Fraction of selective logging	The fraction of forest harvested in a grid, in clear cutting, selective cutting, wood plantations and additional deforestation. Fraction of selective cut determines the fraction of timber harvested by selective cutting of trees in semi-natural and natural forest.
GDP per capita	Gross Domestic Product per capita, measured as the market value of all goods and services produced in a region in a year, and is used in the IMAGE framework as a generic indicator of economic activity.	World Bank database
GDP per capita - grid	Scaled down GDP per capita from country to grid level, based on population density.
GINI coefficient	Measure of income disparity in a population. If all have the same income, GINI equals 1. The lower the GINI, the wider the gap between the lowest and highest income groups.	World Bank database
Harvest efficiency	Fraction of harvested wood used as product, the remainder being left as residues. Specified per biomass pool and forestry management type.
Increase in irrigated area - grid	Increase in irrigated area, often based on external projections (e.g., FAO).	FAO IIASA
Irrigation conveyance efficiency	Ratio of water supplied to the irrigated field to the quantity withdrawn from the water source, determining the quantity of water lost during transport. This parameter is defined at country level.	PIK	Rohwer et al., 2007
Irrigation project efficiency	Ratio of quantity of irrigation water required by the crop (based on soil moisture deficits) to the quantity withdrawn from rivers, lakes, reservoirs or other sources. This parameter is given at country level.	PIK	Rohwer et al., 2007
Irrigation system	Type of irrigation system: surface, sprinkler or drip. This is allocated at country level, based on Jagermeyr et al (2015).		Jägermeyr et al., 2015
Labour supply	Effective supply of labour input to support economic activities, taking into account the participation rate of age cohorts.
Learning rate	Determines the rate of technology development in learning equations.
Lifestyle parameters	Lifestyle parameters influence the relationship between economic activities and demand for energy.	IEA
Livestock rations	Determines the feed requirements per feed type (food crops; crop residues; grass and fodder; animal products; scavenging), specified per animal type and production system (extensive/intensive/backyard/intermediate/intensive/broiler/laying hens).		Bouwman et al., 2005 Lassaletta et al., 2019
Manure spreading fraction	Fraction of manure produced in staples that is spread on agricultural areas.		Bouwman et al., 2013b
Population	Number of people per region.	UN
Population - grid	Number of people per gridcell (using downscaling).	UN
Preferences	Non-price factors determining market shares, such as preferences, environmental policies, infrastructure and strategic considerations, used for model calibration.
Private consumption	Private consumption reflects expenditure on private household consumption. It is used in IMAGE as a driver of energy.	The World Bank
Production system mix	Livestock production is distributed over two systems for dairy and beef production (intensive: mixed and industrial; extensive: pastoral grazing), and to three systems for pigs (backyard, intermediate, intensive) and poultry (backyard, boilers, laying hens) with specific intensities, rations and feed conversion ratios.		Bouwman et al., 2005 Lassaletta et al., 2019
Protected area - grid	Map of protected nature areas, limiting use of this area.	WDPA database
Sector value added	Value Added for economic sectors: Industry (IVA), Services (SVA) and Agriculture (AVA). These variables are used in IMAGE to indicate economic activity.
Taxes and other additional costs	Taxes on energy use, and other additional costs	IEA
Technological change (crops and livestocks)	Increase in productivity in crop production (yield/ha) and livestock production (carcass weight, offtake rate).	FAO
Technology development of energy conversion	Learning curves and exogenous learning that determine technology development.
Technology development of energy supply	Learning curves and exogenous learning that determine technology development.
Timber demand	Demand for roundwood and pulpwood per region.	FAO
Trade policy	Assumed changes in market and non-market instruments that influence trade flows, subject to WTO rules and country and region regulation.
Trade restriction	Trade tariffs and barriers limiting trade in energy carriers (in energy submodel).
Urban population fraction	Urban/rural split of population.	UN

Variabele	Description	HasVariableType
Access to drinking water and sanitation	Percentage of the population with sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.	model (end-indicator)
Accessibility - grid	Accessibility expressed as travel time.	external parameter
Actual crop and grass production - grid	Actual crop and grass production on agricultural land, based on potential yield and management intensity	model (from/to model)
Adaptation costs	Costs for adaptation measures to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems to actual or expected climate change effects.	model (end-indicator)
Adaptation level	Level of adaptation to climate change , defined as the share of climate change damage avoided by adaptation. This level is be calculated by the model to minimise adaptation costs and residual damage, or set by the user.	driver
Agricultural area - grid	Total area for crop production (annual and perennial) and intensive grassland.	model (from/to model)
Agricultural land use suitability - grid	Suitability of land in a grid cell for agriculture and forestry, as a function of accessibility, population density, slope and potential crop yields.	external parameter
Air pollution policy	Air pollution policies set to reach emission reduction targets, represented in the model in the form of energy carrier and sector specific emission factors.	driver
Algal blooms in lakes	Harmful algal blooms in lakes caused by cyanobacteria, producing toxins harmful to humans and animals.	model (end-indicator)
Animal productivity	Effective production of livestock commodities per animal per year.	driver
Animal stocks	Number of animals per category: non-dairy cattle; dairy cattle; pigs; sheep and goats; poultry.	model (from/to model)
Aquatic MSA - grid	Relative Mean Species Abundance of original species in lakes, rivers and wetlands.	model (end-indicator)
BC, OC and NOx emissions	Emissions of BC, OC and NOx per year.	model (from/to model)
Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) – grid	The average abundance across a set of species in each area relative to their reference population, which would be populations before any humans impacts but are usually populations in the least impacted settings available	model (from/to model)
Bioenergy area	Area of bioenergy crop production, in model setting where sustainability criteria require that the area for bioenergy crops is not included in the agricultural production area (to avoid competition between bioenergy and food).	model (from/to model)
Bioenergy production	Total bioenergy production.	model (from/to model)
Biofuel policy	Policies to foster the use of biofuels in transport, such as financial incentives and biofuel mandates and obligations.	driver
Biome and eco-region - grid	Biomes are groups of plants and animals, often referred as ecosystems. Their spatial distribution on Earth is defined by climatic and geographical conditions defined as contiguous areas with similar climatic conditions. Biomes are often referred to by climatic conditions (such as, tropical, temperate, boreal) and physiological characteristic (such as, grassland, deciduous trees, coniferous trees).	external parameter
Built-up area - grid	Urban built-up area per grid cell, excluded from all biophysical modelling in IMAGE, increasing over time as a function of urban population and a country- and scenario-specific urban density curve.	driver
CLUmondo specific input - grid	CLUMondo specific input.	external parameter
CO and NMVOC emissions	Emissions from CO and NMVOC.	model (from/to model)
CO2 concentration	Atmospheric CO2 concentration.	model (from/to model)
CO2 emission from energy and industry	CO2 emission from energy and industry.	model (from/to model)
CO2 stored	The amount of CO2 stored in underground reservoirs by applying CO2 capture technology..	model (end-indicator)
Capital supply	Capital available to replace depreciated stock and expand the stock to support economic growth.	driver
Carbon pools in soil and timber - grid	Carbon biomass in three soil pools (litter, humus and charcoal) and two timber pools (slow decaying, and fast decaying).	model (from/to model)
Carbon pools in vegetation - grid	Carbon pools in leaves, stems, branches and roots).	model (from/to model)
Carbon price	Carbon price on the international trading market (in USD in 2005 per tonne C-eq) calculated from aggregated regional permit demand and supply curves derived from marginal abatement costs.	model (from/to model)
Carbon sequestration - grid	Net carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems and oceans.	model (end-indicator)
Carbon storage price	The costs of capturing and storing CO2, affecting the use of CCS technology.	model (from/to model)
Change in soil properties - grid	Change in soil properties, such as clay/sand content, organic carbon content, soil depth (topsoil/subsoil).	model (from/to model)
Child mortality	he probability per 1,000 that a new-born baby will die before reaching the age five, if subject to average age-specific mortality rates.	model (end-indicator)
Child underweight	Prevalence of undernourishment in children.	model (end-indicator)
Climate target	Climate target, defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature targets, or cumulative emissions.	driver
Cloudiness - grid	Percentage of cloudiness per month; assumed constant after the historical period	historical data
Coastal storm surges	Estimates on storm surge/tide water levels for a large number of coast segments.	external parameter
Commodity price	Commodity price per sector, including various crop and livestock sectors..	model (end-indicator)
Consumption loss	Loss of private consumption due to mitigation and adaptation costs and residual damage.	model (end-indicator)
Conversion assumptions	Conversion assumptions.	external parameter
Crop fraction in agricultural area - grid	Fraction of agricultural land by crop type, per grid cell.	model (from/to model)
Crop irrigation water demand - grid	Water requirements for crop irrigation, calculated as daily moisture deficit during the growing season.	model (from/to model)
Crop production	Regional production per crop.	model (from/to model)
DALYs (disability-adjusted life years)	The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability and early death.	model (end-indicator)
Daily climate dataset - grid	Bias corrected daily precipitation, temperature and potential evaporation input. This data set is according to the monthly Precipitation and Temperature.	external parameter
Degraded forest area	Permanently deforested areas for reasons other than expansion of agricultural land (calibrated to FAO deforestation statistics).	model (from/to model)
Demand (all commodities)	Demand per sector including various crop and livestock sectors.	model (end-indicator)
Demand for electricity, heat and hydrogen	The demand for production of electricity, heat and hydrogen.	model (from/to model)
Demand for fossil fuels and bioenergy	The demand for the production of fossil fuels and bioenergy.	model (end-indicator)
Demand for primary energy	Total demand for energy production. Sum of final energy demand and energy inputs into energy conversion processes.	model (from/to model)
Demand traditional biomass	Regional demand for traditional bioenergy.	model (from/to model)
... further results

Caption tonen van een plaatje

• AnimalandCropProducts.png

  Animal and crop production

• ElectricCapacityComparison.png

  Electric capacity comparison

Test van Rineke

• propertytest

3

• Application property test

1. geen property:
2. wel property: DOE IETS

• infoboxtest

1. Energy conversion: Doe iets

1. Hoogwijk, 2004 : doe niets

• subpagetest:

1. subpagevalue: 8
2. pagevalue: 0

• infoboxrtest:

1. Energy conversion: 1
2. Energy conversion/Description: 1

Footnote test

Just testing if we can make footnotes.

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