{{OverviewTemplate
|Description=All policy interventions per theme including description and related component
|Type=policy
|Overview=Policy interventions per component overview; Policy issue pages overview; Key policy questions overview;
|Querypart=
Theme Climate, Air pollution, Food, Nature and biodiversity, Land use, Energy, Water, Human development
theme item = Access to drinking water (Water)theme item = Agricultural land use (Land use)theme item = Air quality (Air pollution)theme item = Animal husbandry (Food)theme item = Aquatic biodiversity (NB)theme item = BC-OC emissions (Air pollution)theme item = Climate adaptation (Climate)theme item = Climate change (Climate)theme item = Climate impacts (Climate)theme item = Climate mitigation (Climate)theme item = Crop production (Food)theme item = Degradation (Land use)theme item = Eco goods and services (NB)theme item = Energy demand (Energy)theme item = Energy emissions (Energy)theme item = Energy system (Energy)theme item = Flood risk (Water)theme item = Food demand (Food)theme item = Forestry (Land use)theme item = GHG emissions (Climate)theme item = Human development (HD)theme item = Irrigation (Water)theme item = Land cover (NB)theme item = Land use system (Land use)theme item = Natural vegetation (Land use)theme item = Nutrition and diet (Food)theme item = Other air pollution (Air pollution)theme item = Other climate (Climate)theme item = Other energy (Energy)theme item = Other food (Food)theme item = Other land use (Land use)theme item = Other nature and biodiversity (NB)theme item = Other water (Water)theme item = Precipitation (Water)theme item = Resources (Energy)theme item = Terrestrial biodiversity (NB)theme item = Trade (Food)theme item = Water quality (Water)theme item = Water stress (Water)
Item: GHG emissions (Climate)
Agricultural economy |
Interventions that target consumption changes or changes in dietary preferences |
Energy conversion, Energy demand |
Apply emission intensity standards for e.g. cars (gCO2/km), power plants (gCO2/kWh) or appliances (kWh/hour). |
Energy supply |
Changing the prices through energy tax or subsidy for the various energy carriers influences the choice of technology and thus the level of emissions. |
Tables per theme
Access to drinking water (Water) (1)
Sanitation measures |
Increase the access to improved sanitation, and connection to sewage systems; institution of wastewater treatment installations; recycling of human waste for substitution of synthetic fertilisers. |
Nutrients |
Agricultural land use (Land use) (9)
Agricultural trade policies |
Changes in agricultural trade policies are applied to the corresponding quota (export or import quota) or border taxes. |
Agricultural economy |
Reduction of waste/losses |
Reduction of losses in the agro-food chain and waste after consumption. |
Agricultural economy |
Changes in consumption and diet preferences |
Interventions that target consumption changes or changes in dietary preferences |
Agricultural economy |
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Change in grazing intensity |
Change in grazing intensity, usually more intensive. This would require better management of grasslands, including for example the use of grass-clover mixtures and fertilisers, bringing the length of the grazing season in tune with the period of grass production, and rotations. |
Land-use allocation |
Enlarge protected areas |
Increase in areas with protected status, as well the size of the areas as the numer of parks. |
Land-use allocation |
Implementation of land use planning |
Application of zoning laws or cadastres, assigning areas to certain land uses. |
Land-use allocation |
Improvement of feed conversion |
Improvement of feed conversion ratio of small ruminants, such as sheep and goats. This means other breeds will be used that need less grass to produce the same amount of meat. |
Livestock systems |
Increased livestock productivity |
A change in production characteristics, such as milk production per animal, carcass weight and off-take rates, which will also have an impact on the feed conversion ratio; in general, this will be lower in more productive animals |
Livestock systems |
Air quality (Air pollution) (1)
Energy tax or subsidiy |
Changing the prices through energy tax or subsidy for the various energy carriers influences the choice of technology and thus the level of emissions. |
Energy supply |
Animal husbandry (Food) (6)
Changes in consumption and diet preferences |
Interventions that target consumption changes or changes in dietary preferences |
Agricultural economy |
Change in grazing intensity |
Change in grazing intensity, usually more intensive. This would require better management of grasslands, including for example the use of grass-clover mixtures and fertilisers, bringing the length of the grazing season in tune with the period of grass production, and rotations. |
Land-use allocation |
Intensification or extensification of livestock systems |
A change in the distribution of the production over pastoral and mixed systems; usually to a larger share of the production in mixed systems, which inherently changes the overall feed conversion ratios of ruminants. |
Livestock systems |
Improvement of feed conversion |
Improvement of feed conversion ratio of small ruminants, such as sheep and goats. This means other breeds will be used that need less grass to produce the same amount of meat. |
Livestock systems |
Intensification/extensification of livestock systems |
A change in the distribution of the production over pastoral and mixed systems; usually to a larger share of the production in mixed systems, which inherently changes the overall feed conversion ratios of ruminants. |
Livestock systems |
Increased livestock productivity |
A change in production characteristics, such as milk production per animal, carcass weight and off-take rates, which will also have an impact on the feed conversion ratio; in general, this will be lower in more productive animals |
Livestock systems |
Aquatic biodiversity (NB) (1)
BC-OC emissions (Air pollution) (0)
Climate adaptation (Climate) (0)
Climate change (Climate) (0)
Climate impacts (Climate) (0)
Climate mitigation (Climate) (4)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
REDD policies |
The objective of REDD policies it to reduce land-use related emissions by protecting existing forests in the world; The implementation of REDD includes also costs of policies. |
Agricultural economy |
Apply emission and energy intensity standards |
Apply emission intensity standards for e.g. cars (gCO2/km), power plants (gCO2/kWh) or appliances (kWh/hour). |
Energy conversion, Energy demand |
Energy tax or subsidiy |
Changing the prices through energy tax or subsidy for the various energy carriers influences the choice of technology and thus the level of emissions. |
Energy supply |
Crop production (Food) (2)
Changes in consumption and diet preferences |
Interventions that target consumption changes or changes in dietary preferences |
Agricultural economy |
Improved rainwater management |
Improved rainwater management assumes a decrease in the evaporative losses from rainfed agriculture and the creation of small scale reservoirs to harvest rainwater during the wet period and use it during a dryer period. Both measures lead to more efficient use of water and increased yields on rainfed fields. |
Water |
Degradation (Land use) (0)
Eco goods and services (NB) (2)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Enlarge protected areas |
Increase in areas with protected status, as well the size of the areas as the numer of parks. |
Land-use allocation |
Energy demand (Energy) (2)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Apply emission and energy intensity standards |
Apply emission intensity standards for e.g. cars (gCO2/km), power plants (gCO2/kWh) or appliances (kWh/hour). |
Energy conversion, Energy demand |
Energy emissions (Energy) (2)
Energy system (Energy) (3)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Apply emission and energy intensity standards |
Apply emission intensity standards for e.g. cars (gCO2/km), power plants (gCO2/kWh) or appliances (kWh/hour). |
Energy conversion, Energy demand |
Energy tax or subsidiy |
Changing the prices through energy tax or subsidy for the various energy carriers influences the choice of technology and thus the level of emissions. |
Energy supply |
Flood risk (Water) (1)
Increased storage capacity |
Increasing storage capacity assumes that the total water volume stored in large reservoirs will increase. This can either be established by an increase of the capacity of existing reservoirs, or by building new reservoirs. |
Water |
Food demand (Food) (2)
Forestry (Land use) (2)
GHG emissions (Climate) (3)
Human development (HD) (0)
Irrigation (Water) (2)
Increased storage capacity |
Increasing storage capacity assumes that the total water volume stored in large reservoirs will increase. This can either be established by an increase of the capacity of existing reservoirs, or by building new reservoirs. |
Water |
Improved irrigation efficiency |
Improved irrigation efficiency assumes an increase in the irrigation project efficiency and irrigation conveyance efficiency. |
Water |
Land cover (NB) (2)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Enlarge protected areas |
Increase in areas with protected status, as well the size of the areas as the numer of parks. |
Land-use allocation |
Land use system (Land use) (1)
Change in grazing intensity |
Change in grazing intensity, usually more intensive. This would require better management of grasslands, including for example the use of grass-clover mixtures and fertilisers, bringing the length of the grazing season in tune with the period of grass production, and rotations. |
Land-use allocation |
Natural vegetation (Land use) (1)
Change in grazing intensity |
Change in grazing intensity, usually more intensive. This would require better management of grasslands, including for example the use of grass-clover mixtures and fertilisers, bringing the length of the grazing season in tune with the period of grass production, and rotations. |
Land-use allocation |
Nutrition and diet (Food) (1)
Other air pollution (Air pollution) (0)
Other climate (Climate) (1)
Financing climate policy |
Developed countries could provide financial resources to assist developing countries by implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies. To mobilise these funds, several mechanisms exist, of which the effect can be analysed |
Climate policy |
Other energy (Energy) (2)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Hydropower |
Construction of dams and reservoirs in rivers |
Aquatic biodiversity |
Other food (Food) (0)
Other land use (Land use) (3)
Other nature and biodiversity (NB) (1)
Implementation of biofuel targets |
Policies to enhance the use of biofuels, especially in the transport sector. In the Agricultural economy component only 'first generation' crops are taken into account. The policy is implemented as a budget-neutral policy from government perspective, e.g. a subsidy is implemented to achieve a certain share of biofuels in fuel production and an end-user tax is applied to counterfinance the implemented subsidy. |
Agricultural economy |
Other water (Water) (0)
Precipitation (Water) (1)
Improved rainwater management |
Improved rainwater management assumes a decrease in the evaporative losses from rainfed agriculture and the creation of small scale reservoirs to harvest rainwater during the wet period and use it during a dryer period. Both measures lead to more efficient use of water and increased yields on rainfed fields. |
Water |
Resources (Energy) (0)
Terrestrial biodiversity (NB) (2)
Trade (Food) (1)
Water quality (Water) (0)
Water stress (Water) (0)