Sandbox

	BelongsToComponent	HasAltTitle	HasCaption	HasFigureType	HasPageName
002g ind16 CP	Climate policy	Regional and global abatement costs for NDCs		Policy intervention figure
Baseline figure Agricultural economy	Agricultural economy	Global agricultural production and areas per region	Food availability measured in kcal per capita per day available for consumption, for initial situation (2010) and for the SSP scenarios (2100), globally and by region. (van Meijl et al., 2020b)	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Air pollution and energy policies	Air pollution and energy policies	Global household access to modern fuels for cooking and heating under a baseline scenario	A few key indicators show the trends for energy security, access, air pollution under a baseline scenario.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Aquatic biodiversity	Aquatic biodiversity	Aquatic Mean Species Abundance under a baseline scenario	In a baseline scenario, aquatic biodiversity is projected to decrease further.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Atmospheric composition and climate	Atmospheric composition and climate	Greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 concentration, temperature increase and radiative forcing under baseline and climate policy scenarios	In the policy scenarios, emissions decrease strongly after 2020, while concentration levels only decrease or stabilise after 2050. Global mean temperature, due to inertia in the climate system, will not stabilise until the end of this century under the most ambitious climate policy scenario (2.6 W/m2).	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Carbon cycle and natural vegetation	Carbon cycle and natural vegetation IMAGE framework summary/Earth system	Cumulative terrestrial carbon flux of long-term climate scenarios	Cumulative terrestrial carbon flux of long-term climate scenarios (Müller et al., 2016)	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Climate policy	Climate policy	Greenhouse gas emissions under baseline scenarios and pledges, for Brazil	The national projection is from the National Decree No. 7390, and the WEO 2010 projection is from the World Energy Outlook (2010) of International Energy Agency.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Crops and grass	Crops and grass	Relative change in decadal mean production according to the GGC models, with and without CO2 fertilization effect	The effect of climate change on crop yields strongly depends on the effect of CO2 fertilisation, also represented in LPJmL. Lines show means across several climate scenarios; adopted from Rosenzweig et al. (2014).	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Drivers	Drivers	Population under the OECD baseline and SSP scenarios	The total global population is projected to peak and then decline in the coming century, except under the high-end assumptions (SSP3). By 2100, the population may range between the current and twice as many as in 2000 in the SSPs. The OECD Outlook assumes an intermediate population growth trajectory, close to the medium population SSP scenarios.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Ecosystem services	Ecosystem services	Numder of the seven ecosystem services sufficiently suppled, 2000	Assessing how many of the 7 ecosystem services addressed in IMAGE (food, water, Carbon sequestration, erosion protection, pollination, pest control, flood protection, tourism) can be sufficiently supplied allows to identify hotspots of losses in ecosystem services.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Emissions	Emissions	Gloval greenhouse gas emissions and temperature changes under a baseline scenario	Future greenhouse gas emissions are mostly driven by an increase in energy use, while the relative contribution of land-use related emissions is projected to decrease.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Energy conversion	Energy conversion	Electricity production, per energy carrier under a baseline scenario	Increase in primary energy demand for electricity production is dominated by coal, despite a rapid growth of renewable energy.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Energy demand	Energy demand	Global final energy demand under a baseline scenario	Between 2010 and 2050 energy demand for transport and industry, and for natural gas and electricity contribute most to the overall increase.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Energy supply	Energy supply	Energy production per region under a baseline scenario	Over time the share of most important energy producers for different forms of energy changes. This has implications for energy security.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Flood risks	Flood risks	Flood-related damage in Bangladesh, 30-year event, based on the historic climate (1961-1990)	Inundation depth of 30-year flood scaled down to Bangladesh (left); The estimated annual damage due to floods (not only due to a 30-year event) is more concentrated when applying the land-use method compared to the population method.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Forest management	Forest management	Forest and forestry	Areas of managed forest are projected to increase in the coming decades; improved forest management, especially forest plantations, could limit the area required for wood production.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Human development	Human development	Child mortality under a baseline scenario, per cause, per region	Under a baseline scenario, the global under-five mortality rates will only reach the level of the Millenium Development goals by 2050.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure IMAGE framework introduction		Human development indicators under the baseline scenario	The baseline scenario also shows a decline in population without access to safe drinking water, sanitation and modern energy. In all cases, the improvement is too slow compared to policy ambitions.
Baseline figure Land degradation	Land degradation	Water erosion sensitivity of global land areas under baseline and sustainability scenarios	Under baseline conditions, the risk of high and very high water-induced erosion increases strongly up until 2050. Under the sustainability scenario (PBL, 2012), most of the increase under the baseline scenario is avoided by the combined effect of less land conversion and less climatic change.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Land-use allocation	Land-use allocation	Distribution of land systems	Natural land conversion in selected SSP scenarios for the 2020-2100 period (van Vuuren et al., 2021)	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Livestock systems	Livestock systems	Global grass consumption under a baseline scenario	Despite a shift towards compound feed, global grass consumption in livestock systems is projected to increase (PBL, 2012).	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Nutrients	Nutrients	Soil nitrogen budget per region	The nitrogen soil budgets in Northern America, Europe, Russia and Central Asia, Japan and Oceania are stable or decreasing after 2005, they are projected to strongly increase in many other regions in a baseline scenario.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Terrestrial biodiversity	Terrestrial biodiversity	Pressures driving global biodiversity loss under a baseline scenario	Land-use change and encroachment are projected to remain the most important drivers of biodiversity loss, but climate change will also become a significant pressure.	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Water	Water	Global water demand and water stress under a baseline scenario	As a result of increasing water demand and climate change, the number of people living under water stress is projected to increase (top, OECD 2012), and more regions might face a reduction in crop production due to irrigation water shortage (bottom, Biemans 2012).	Baseline figure
Baseline figure Water II	IMAGE framework summary/Earth system	Regions vulnerable to crop production losses due to irrigation water shortage	Regions vulnerable to crop production losses due to shortages in irrigation water (Biemans, 2012).	Baseline figure
Big Flowchart		the complete framework flowchart	The Big Flowchart provides an overview of the IMAGE framework, its model components, drivers, variables and data flows.	Flowchart
Core model venn diagram	Computer models overview	Venn diagram core model	Venn diagram of models used in IMAGE framework	Other type of figure
ElementSummary Description		Detailed description page example	Summary of elements in Detailed description page	Other type of figure
ElementSummary Introduction		Introduction page example	Summary of elements in Introduction page	Other type of figure
ElementSummary Policy Issues		Policy issues page example	Summary of elements in Policy issues page	Other type of figure
ElementSummary References		All reference page example	Summary of elements in All reference page	Other type of figure
ElementSummary Uncertainties		Data uncertainties and limitations page example	Summary of elements in Data uncertainties and limitations page	Other type of figure
Figure1 IMAGE framework introduction		IAM models distinguished by their level of detail in economic aspects (horizontal) and biophysical/technical aspects (vertical ).	IAM models distinguished by their level of detail in economic aspects (horizontal) and biophysical/technical aspects (vertical ).	Other type of figure
Figure1 IMAGE framework summary		Summary of framework figure1	Trends in population and income.	Other type of figure
Figure2 IMAGE framework summary	Energy supply and demand	Global primary energy supply in baseline and sustainability scenarios	Trends in world energy use, with and without climate policy.	Other type of figure
Figure3 IMAGE framework summary		Global primary energy supply in baseline and sustainability scenarios	Trends in world energy use, with and without climate policy.	Other type of figure
Figure4 IMAGE framework summary		Global geenhouse gas emissions and temperature changes	Changes in emissions under baseline (trend scenario) and 2ºC scenario (challenge pathways)	Other type of figure
Figure6 IMAGE framework summary		Human development indicators in baseline scenario	Human development indicators	Other type of figure
Flowchart Agricultural economy	Agricultural economy	MAGNET- the agro-economic model in IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Agricultural economy. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Air pollution and energy policies	Air pollution and energy policies	Linkages between goals and measures for energy access, energy security, climate change and air pollution	Flowchart Air pollution and energy policies. Linkages between components of the IMAGE system, energy policy objectives and possible policy measures.	Flowchart
Flowchart Aquatic biodiversity	Aquatic biodiversity	GLOBIO model for aquatic ecosystems	Flowchart Aquatic biodiversity. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Atmospheric composition and climate	Atmospheric composition and climate	Atmospheric composition and climate model (based on MAGICC 6.0) in IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Atmospheric composition and climate. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Carbon cycle and natural vegetation	Carbon cycle and natural vegetation	Carbon cycle and natural vegetation module of LPJmL, in IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Carbon cycle and natural vegetation. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Climate policy	Climate policy	FAIR, the climate policy model in IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Climate policy. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Crops and grass	Crops and grass	Crop and grass module of LPJmL, in IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Crops and grass. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Drivers	Drivers	Scenario development and model drivers for IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Drivers. Model drives are inferred from scenario storylines taking into account external data sources, such as time series, cross-sector data, and literature sources.	Flowchart
Flowchart Ecosystem services	Ecosystem services	Ecosystem Services model in IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Ecosystem services. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Emissions	Emissions	Emission module of IMAGE 3.0	Flowchart Emissions. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page. Anthropogenic sources, for natural sources see Table 5.2.2. More detail on inputs and outputs, and how they link to other IMAGE components is presented at the end of this section (Emission table).	Flowchart
Flowchart Energy conversion	Energy conversion	TIMER model, electricity module	Flowchart Energy conversion. See also the Input/Output Table on the introduction page.	Flowchart
Flowchart Energy demand	Energy demand	TIMER model, energy demand module	Some sectors are represented in a generic way as shown here, the sectors transport, residential and heavy industry are modelled in specific modules.	Flowchart
... further results

	FrameworkElementType
Agricultural economy	pressure component
Air pollution and energy policies	response component
Aquatic biodiversity	impact component
Atmospheric composition and climate	state component
Carbon cycle and natural vegetation	state component
Climate policy	response component
Crops and grass	state component
Drivers	driver component
Ecosystem services	impact component
Emissions	interaction component
Energy conversion	pressure component
Energy demand	pressure component
Energy supply	pressure component
Flood risks	impact component
Forest management	pressure component
Human development	impact component
Land and biodiversity policies	response component
Land cover and land use	interaction component
Land degradation	impact component
Land-use allocation	pressure component
Livestock systems
Nutrients	state component
Terrestrial biodiversity	impact component
Water	state component

${X}=2{y}$

${\frac {x}{y}}$