Property:HasShortDescription
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This is a property of type Text.
A
Percentage of the population with sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. +
Accessibility expressed as travel time. +
Actual crop and grass production on agricultural land, based on potential yield and management intensity +
Costs for adaptation measures to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems to actual or expected climate change effects. +
Level of adaptation to climate change , defined as the share of climate change damage avoided by adaptation. This level is be calculated by the model to minimise adaptation costs and residual damage, or set by the user. +
Total area for crop production (annual and perennial) and intensive grassland. +
Suitability of land in a grid cell for agriculture and forestry, as a function of accessibility, population density, slope and potential crop yields. +
Air pollution policies set to reach emission reduction targets, represented in the model in the form of energy carrier and sector specific emission factors. +
Harmful algal blooms in lakes caused by cyanobacteria, producing toxins harmful to humans and animals. +
Effective production of livestock commodities per animal per year. +
Number of animals per category: non-dairy cattle; dairy cattle; pigs; sheep and goats; poultry. +
Relative Mean Species Abundance of original species in lakes, rivers and wetlands. +
B
Emissions of BC, OC and NO<sub>x</sub> per year. +
The average abundance across a set of species in each area relative to their reference population, which would be populations before any humans impacts but are usually populations in the least impacted settings available +
Area of bioenergy crop production, in model setting where sustainability criteria require that the area for bioenergy crops is not included in the agricultural production area (to avoid competition between bioenergy and food). +
Total bioenergy production. +
Policies to foster the use of biofuels in transport, such as financial incentives and biofuel mandates and obligations. +
Biomes are groups of plants and animals, often referred as ecosystems. Their spatial distribution on Earth is defined by climatic and geographical conditions defined as contiguous areas with similar climatic conditions. Biomes are often referred to by climatic conditions (such as, tropical, temperate, boreal) and physiological characteristic (such as, grassland, deciduous trees, coniferous trees). +
Urban built-up area per grid cell, excluded from all biophysical modelling in IMAGE, increasing over time as a function of urban population and a country- and scenario-specific urban density curve. +
C
CLUMondo specific input. +
Emissions from CO and NMVOC. +
Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. +
CO<sub>2</sub> emission from energy and industry. +
The amount of CO<sub>2</sub> stored in underground reservoirs by applying CO<sub>2</sub> capture technology.. +
Capital available to replace depreciated stock and expand the stock to support economic growth. +
Carbon biomass in three soil pools (litter, humus and charcoal) and two timber pools (slow decaying, and fast decaying). +
Carbon pools in leaves, stems, branches and roots). +
Carbon price on the international trading market (in USD in 2005 per tonne C-eq) calculated from aggregated regional permit demand and supply curves derived from marginal abatement costs. +
Net carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. +
The costs of capturing and storing CO2, affecting the use of CCS technology. +
Change in soil properties, such as clay/sand content, organic carbon content, soil depth (topsoil/subsoil). +
he probability per 1,000 that a new-born baby will die before reaching the age five, if subject to average age-specific mortality rates. +
Prevalence of undernourishment in children. +
Climate target, defined in terms of concentration levels, radiative forcing, temperature targets, or cumulative emissions. +
Percentage of cloudiness per month; assumed constant after the historical period +
Estimates on storm surge/tide water levels for a large number of coast segments. +
Commodity price per sector, including various crop and livestock sectors.. +
Loss of private consumption due to mitigation and adaptation costs and residual damage. +
Conversion assumptions. +
Fraction of agricultural land by crop type, per grid cell. +
Water requirements for crop irrigation, calculated as daily moisture deficit during the growing season. +
Regional production per crop. +
D
The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability and early death. +
Bias corrected daily precipitation, temperature and potential evaporation input. This data set is according to the monthly Precipitation and Temperature. +
Permanently deforested areas for reasons other than expansion of agricultural land (calibrated to FAO deforestation statistics). +
Demand per sector including various crop and livestock sectors. +
The demand for production of electricity, heat and hydrogen. +
The demand for the production of fossil fuels and bioenergy. +
Total demand for energy production. Sum of final energy demand and energy inputs into energy conversion processes. +
Regional demand for traditional bioenergy. +
Digital water network DDM30 describing drainage directions of surface water, with each cell only draining into one neighbouring cell, organising cells to river basins. +
Distance to water. +
Planned and/or implemented national climate and energy policies, such as taxes, feed-in tariffs, renewable targets, efficiency standards, that affect projected emission reduction. +
E
Database on relationships between environmental factors and ecosystem services. +
The price of electricity. +
Reduction in emission factors as a function of Climate policy. +
Exogenous emission factors per sector, activity and gas, mostly based on the EDGAR database. +
Emission credits traded between regions +
Database of empirical relationships between environmental pressures and reduction in mean species abundance for aquatic ecosystems. +
Activity levels in the energy and industrial sector, per process and energy carrier, for example, the combustion of petrol for transport or the production of crude oil. +
Aggregated energy demand and production indicators from the energy model. +
Model assumptions determining future development of energy efficiency. +
Set of parameters determining the energy use per unit of economic activity (in absence of technical energy efficiency improvements). +
Policy to achieve energy system objectives, such as energy security and energy access. +
Volume of energy resource per carrier, region and supply cost class (determines depletion dynamics). +
Indicators on the status of energy security, such as energy self-sufficiency. +
Percentage of natural flow reserved for the environment. Determined according to the Variable Monthly Flow method developed in Pastor et al., 2014 +
General concepts of distributive justice or fairness used in effort sharing approaches. Three key equity principles are: Responsibility (historical contribution to warming); capability (ability to pay for mitigation); and equality (equal emissions allowances per capita). +
Risk of soil erosion caused by water. +
Market shares of traditional biomass and secondary heat, for all demand sectors except the residential sector, exogenous scenario parameter. +
Population expected to be exposed to floods per year. +
GDP expected to be exposed to floods per year. +
Extensive pasture with low productivity used for grazing. +
F
Historical deforestation rates according to FAO. +
Measure of an animal's efficiency in converting feed mass into the desired output such as meat and milk (for cattle, poultry, pigs, sheep and goats). +
Total amount of feed required for the production of animal products. Grass and fodder species are consumed by grazing animals only (dairy and non-dairy cattle, sheep and goats), while pigs and poultry are fed feed crops and other feedstuffs. +
Ratio of fertiliser uptake by a crop to fertiliser applied. +
Fish landings according to statistics from "Sea around us". +
Reduction in flood risk by natural vegetation. +
Annual statistics of water depth and the flooded fraction per grid cell. +
Food availability per capita. +
Food availability, including fish and wild food. +
Forest management type: clear cut, selective logging, forest plantation or additional deforestation. +
Demand for forest plantation area. +
Harvest losses (from damaged trees and unusable tree parts) or harvest residues that are left in the forest by purpose because of environmental concerns. These losses/residues remains in the forest after harvest, in in principle enter the soil pools. But they could also be used for other/energy purposes. +
The fraction of forest harvested in a grid, in clear cutting, selective cutting, wood plantations and additional deforestation. Fraction of selective cut determines the fraction of timber harvested by selective cutting of trees in semi-natural and natural forest. +
G
Climate change patterns of General Circulation models used to downscale changes in global mean temperature to changes in temperature and precipitation at grid level; default pattern from HadCM3 of the Hadley Centre. +
Gross Domestic Product per capita, measured as the market value of all goods and services produced in a region in a year, and is used in the IMAGE framework as a generic indicator of economic activity. +
Scaled down GDP per capita from country to grid level, based on population density. +
Measure of income disparity in a population. If all have the same income, GINI equals 1. The lower the GINI, the wider the gap between the lowest and highest income groups. +
Global map of lakes and wetlands. +
Global emission pathway consistent with a specific long-term climate target. +
Average global temperature. +
Grass requirement; ruminants (nondairy cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and goats) are grazing animals, and part (in mixed systems) or most (pastoral systems) of their feed is grass, hay or other roughage; this grass requirement is calculated as a fraction of the total energy (feed) requirement. +
H
HDI: Development level of a country based on income, education and life expectancy. +
Fraction of harvested wood used as product, the remainder being left as residues. Specified per biomass pool and forestry management type. +
Wood harvested and removed. +
The database contains two levels of land cover information—detailed, regionally optimized land cover legends for each continent and a less thematically detailed global legend that harmonizes regional legends into one consistent product. The land cover maps are all based on daily data from the VEGETATION sensor on-board SPOT 4. +
I
Assumptions on income and price elasticities of demand, substitution elasticities, and many other elasticities, +
Increase in irrigated area, often based on external projections (e.g., FAO). +